Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions

SN Computer Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(3)

Published: March 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

arXiv (Cornell University), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

AI is undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of models (e.g., BERT, DALL-E, GPT-3) that are trained on broad data at scale and adaptable to wide range downstream tasks. We call these foundation underscore their critically central yet incomplete character. This report provides thorough account opportunities risks models, ranging from capabilities language, vision, robotics, reasoning, human interaction) technical principles(e.g., model architectures, training procedures, data, systems, security, evaluation, theory) applications law, healthcare, education) societal impact inequity, misuse, economic environmental impact, legal ethical considerations). Though based standard deep learning transfer learning, results in new emergent capabilities,and effectiveness across so many tasks incentivizes homogenization. Homogenization powerful leverage but demands caution, as defects inherited by all adapted downstream. Despite impending widespread deployment we currently lack clear understanding how they work, when fail, what even capable due properties. To tackle questions, believe much critical research will require interdisciplinary collaboration commensurate fundamentally sociotechnical nature.

Language: Английский

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Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 101205 - 101205

Published: Oct. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

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A modified SEIR model to predict the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain and Italy: Simulating control scenarios and multi-scale epidemics

Results in Physics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21, P. 103746 - 103746

Published: Dec. 25, 2020

After the spread of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic out China, evolution in pandemic worldwide shows dramatic differences among countries. In Europe, situation Italy first and later Spain has generated great concen, despite other countries show better prospects, large uncertainties yet remain on future efficacy containment, mitigation, or attack strategies. This Manuscript was originally written last days March as a way to report current wave pandemic. The results were updated several times for also month July. Here we applied modified SEIR compartmental model accounting infection during latent period, which incorporate effects varying proportions containment. We fit data reported infected populations at beginning peak account case reporting study scenario projections individual regions (CCAA). aim this it's evaluate confinement rate stages outbreak order assess scenarios that minimize incidence but mortality. Results indicate with 23, epidemics follow an similar isolation 1,5 percent population, if there no intervention actions it might reach maximum over 1.4M around April 27. effect ongoing partial measures is unknown (an update until 31st included), increasing ten more could drastically reduce 100k cases by early April, while each day delay taking hard containment represents 90 increase population peak. Dynamics sub aggregated levels CCAA different progression most worrying Madrid Catalonia. Increasing alpha values up 10 times, addition drastic reduction clinical cases, would than half number deaths. Updates simulations substantial burden underway. A approach conducted pre-and post-intervention begins suggest both deaths been achieved, showing social distancing interventions. By real end May July calculate from compare formulated March.

Language: Английский

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Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Overview, Emerging Technologies, and Case Studies

IETE Technical Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 775 - 788

Published: May 23, 2021

In the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), (IoT) is integrated with medical devices, enabling improved patient comfort, cost-effective solutions, quick hospital treatments, and even more personalized healthcare. The paper first provides introduction IoMTs then introduces an architecture IoMTs. Later, it current operations healthcare system discusses mapping these into architectural diagram. Further, several emerging technologies such as Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF), Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are envisioned important to overcome challenges in e-healthcare security, privacy, accuracy, performance. Finally, we provide three case studies for IoMT based on – (1) PUF-based Authentication, (2) AI-enabled SDN Assisted e-healthcare, (3) Blockchain Patient Centric System. solutions presented this may have a huge impact speed at which infrastructure can efficiently evolve market evolution.

Language: Английский

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Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1676 - 1676

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

De novo drug design is a computational approach that generates novel molecular structures from atomic building blocks with no priori relationships. Conventional methods include structure-based and ligand-based design, which depend on the properties of active site biological target or its known binders, respectively. Artificial intelligence, including ma-chine learning, an emerging field has positively impacted discovery process. Deep reinforcement learning subdivision machine combines artificial neural networks reinforcement-learning architectures. This method successfully been em-ployed to develop de approaches using variety recurrent networks, convolutional generative adversarial autoencoders. review article summarizes advances in conventional growth algorithms advanced machine-learning methodologies high-lights hot topics for further development.

Language: Английский

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Machine learning-based approach: global trends, research directions, and regulatory standpoints

Data Science and Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 19 - 29

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

The field of machine learning (ML) is sufficiently young that it still expanding at an accelerating pace, lying the crossroads computer science and statistics, core artificial intelligence (AI) data science. Recent progress in ML has been driven both by development new algorithms theory, ongoing explosion availability vast amount (often referred to as "big data") low-cost computation. adoption ML-based approaches can be found throughout science, technology industry, leading more evidence-based decision-making across many walks life, including healthcare, biomedicine, manufacturing, education, financial modeling, governance, policing, marketing. Although past decade witnessed increasing interest these fields, we are just beginning tap potential for studying systems improve with experience. In this paper, present a comprehensive view on geo worldwide trends (taking into account China, USA, Israel, Italy, UK, Middle East) highlighting rapid growth last 5 years attributable introduction related national policies. Furthermore, based literature review, also discuss research directions field, summarizing some popular application areas technology, such cyber-security systems, sustainable agriculture, nanotechnology, suggest "dissemination research" scientific community undergone exceptional time range 2018–2020, reaching value 16,339 publications. Finally, report challenges regulatory standpoints managing technology. Overall, hope work will help explain their applicability various real-world domains, well serve reference point academia industry professionals, particularly from technical, ethical view.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning: Algorithms, Real-World Applications and Research Directions

Published: March 8, 2021

In the current age of Fourth Industrial Revolution ($4IR$ or Industry $4.0$), digital world has a wealth data, such as Internet Things (IoT) cybersecurity mobile business social media health etc. To intelligently analyze these data and develop corresponding real-world applications, knowledge artificial intelligence (AI), particularly, machine learning (ML) is key. Various types algorithms supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement exist in area. Besides, deep learning, which part broader family methods, can on large scale. this paper, we present comprehensive view that be applied to enhance capabilities an application. Thus, study's key contribution explaining principles different techniques their applicability various applications areas, cybersecurity, smart cities, healthcare, business, agriculture, many more. We also highlight challenges potential research directions based our study. Overall, paper aims serve reference point for not only application developers but decision-makers researchers particularly from technical view.

Language: Английский

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Industry 5.0: Potential Applications in COVID-19

Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 05(04), P. 507 - 530

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Industry 5.0, the fifth industrial revolution, consists of smart digital information and manufacturing technologies. This revolution generates effective processes makes rapid improvement in industries healthcare. Solutions to challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic can be identified with deployment 5.0-based It helps provide personalized therapy treatment patients if a detailed patient’s is available. The aim 5.0 technologies create healthcare environment real-time capabilities. During pandemic, these remote monitoring system paper identifies studies major helpful for pandemic. supportive features are discussed diagrammatically. Finally, we studied significant faced context literature revealed that this technological innovation allows high personalization level fulfill personal specific demands patient doctors. These play role making life doctors better. Further, use technology focus on critically infected proper appropriate regarding their better treatment. Moreover, help medical students required training during outbreak.

Language: Английский

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Effects of COVID-19 in South African health system and society: An explanatory study

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1809 - 1814

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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