Unraveling the Dynamic Nexus: A Time-Varying Analysis of Government Revenue and Expenditure in Algeria (1980-2022)

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(4), P. 618 - 629

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

This study investigates the evolving causal relationship between government revenue and expenditure in Algeria from 1980 to 2022, a period marked by significant fiscal policy shifts. Unlike previous research assuming static relationship, we employ bootstrap rolling window approach spectral Granger-causality test capture time-varying causality. These methods illuminate dynamic nature of interactions Algeria's changing economic landscape. Our findings robustly support tax-spend hypothesis over extended periods, revealing that revenues significantly influence patterns. Notably, 1995 2003, observe positive effect on spending, coinciding with contraction rationalization efforts. Conversely, despite declining tax 2005 2008, an expansionary increased indicative financial illusion. Interestingly, also find intermittent short-term evidence supporting both spend-tax synchronization hypotheses, highlighting complex multifaceted dynamics. The tests further corroborate these findings, particularly medium term. contributes literature dynamics resource-dependent economies offers valuable insights for policymakers navigating results underscore importance adaptive strategies account revenue-expenditure relationships, face oil price volatility diversification

Language: Английский

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Educational Dualism in Indonesia: Systematic Literatur Review

Jurnal Tarbiyatuna, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 130 - 146

Published: Dec. 31, 2023

Dualism in education is an interesting topic to discuss. Two entities separated as a result of this educational dualism are not easy be united. However, situation has happened, and what we have do finding the solution anticipate effects dualism. This article uses SLR method, which aims summarize researches that been done on history, effects, Indonesia. In Systematic Literature Review (SLR) collect, synthesize, analyse research articles Indonesia published between 2013 2023. The caused by several respects. First, started from policy Dutch Colonial Government pre-independence era. Second, inherited rooted up now. Third, there political factor Indonesian government. Fourth, government policies considered weakening alienating madrasah (Islam), Fifth, narrowness scientific studies Islamic education. Meanwhile, impacts dichotomy knowledge, cost unaffordable for lower middle class, curriculum development increasing but religious, cultural social values experiencing decline, world becoming playing ground. To reduce impact above, solutions offered: one, eliminating dichotomies; two, awakening ethos integration; three, changes policy.

Language: Английский

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Fundamental Shift in Saudi Education System: Increasing Expenditure on Private Sector to Improve Learning

مجلة الدراسات التربوية والإنسانية, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 777 - 800

Published: April 1, 2024

for improved learning as the most practical strategy to transform Saudi education system. The non-state actors are critical implementing a competitive curriculum when their support is accepted. study determined contribution of private sector in increasing efficiency public expenditure Arabia through document analysis Vision 2030, Public Investment Fund (PIF), and National Transformation Program (NTP). Accordingly, article argues that affording favourable accomplishment necessitates forming public-private partnership so students strategically nurtured since on guarantees learning. To achieve this paradigm shift system provide citizens with opportunities success future labour market, accounting input consistent NTP, PIF essential. This sheds light into significance funding refine adopt programs aligning international standards. paper depicts effective improvement lessen financial burden sector.Keywords: system, PIF, partnership,

Language: Английский

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