Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Abstract Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of PVC wastes, which take decades to decompose in landfills. This review examines current state processes, focusing on challenges and future research opportunities. It explores types sources including post‐consumer, industrial, construction wastes. Conventional methods such as mechanical, thermal, chemical are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, successful applications. Furthermore, recent advances recycling, biological, plasma‐assisted, solvent‐based explored, considering potential benefits challenges. The emphasizes European context region has implemented regulatory initiatives collaborations. points out Circular Economy Action Plan directives targeting waste management, have promoted established a supportive framework. Challenges technologies, low yield high energy consumption, identified. calls development efficient cost‐effective along with improvements infrastructure consumer awareness. Assessing economic impacts, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions conserves resources compared virgin production. include job creation reduced raw material costs.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Eco-Friendly Hemp-Fiber-Reinforced Recycled HDPE Composites

Journal of Composites Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 138 - 138

Published: April 4, 2023

The exploitation of natural fibers to reinforce polymers is a promising practice. Thus, biocomposites have gained increased attention in automotive, construction, and agricultural sectors, among others. present work reports the reinforcement recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE) with hemp afford composite materials as sustainable analogues conventional wood/plastic (WPC) products. HDPE bottles (postconsumer waste) were used r-HDPE further reinforced by addition fibers. For synthetic part, thirteen different filler concentrations (10–75% wt. fibers) using either Joncryl or polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) compatibilizers prepared via melt mixing. Materials good integrity obtained fiber load high 75% structural, thermal, mechanical, antioxidant properties r-HDPE/hemp composites evaluated multiple complementary characterization techniques. Stereoscopic microscope images demonstrated satisfactory dispersion into polymeric matrix, while scanning electron microscopy microphotographs revealed an improved adhesion between matrix presence compatibilizers. incorporation contributed improvement elastic modulus (almost up threefold increase). results showed that content increased, well degradability increased. It noteworthy containing neutralized 80% 2,2-diphenyil-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals within 45 min (DPPH assay). In conclusion, research demonstrates thermally biomass received from waste valid alternative for preparation commodity products eco-friendly character compared composites.

Language: Английский

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Addressing the Sustainability Conundrums and Challenges within the Polymer Value Chain

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(22), P. 15758 - 15758

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Sustainability is a buzzword across numerous industries, and the polymer value chain no exception. Due to ubiquitous nature of products, conundrums misconceptions revolving around them are universal too. In this review, we attempt meticulously undertake some polymer-based sustainability challenges, driven by technical knowledge supported facts. Four major topics relevance selected reviewed without any bias. A basic understanding all sustainability-related jargon examined at beginning provide necessary fundamental awareness. Thereafter, emergence biobased products critically analyzed against its distinct biodegradability conundrums. This followed an outlook comparison plastic versus their alternatives. Greenwashing in fashion industry also depth. Among issues related microplastics assessed owing importance currently. It critical that readers can understand actual scenario call out product propaganda with superficial claims. meticulous overview existing literature information conducted summarize conundrums, future aspects. examination pertinent carried hope spreading knowledge, enabling higher critique within research community sustainable environment.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Impact of Plastic Recycling in Terms of Energy Consumption: A Comparison of Japan’s Mechanical and Chemical Recycling Technologies

Energies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 2199 - 2199

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

In Japan, mechanical plastic recycling has been widely practiced. recent years, the chemical method gaining interest, especially due to its high-quality products similar virgin materials. Understanding environmental impact of both methods from energy consumption standpoint is crucial so that attempts preserve resources can be based in most energy-sustainable way. This research aims determine and two types technologies (coke oven gasification) by analyzing their usage loads. The results relating electricity water show a 17% share global warming potential (GWP), coke 51%, gasification 32%. Although lower GWP, yields highly valuable byproducts reused processes, such as steam industrial water, reducing overall load. These recovered materials are also potentially useful for other processes an symbiosis ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Introducing graphene quantum dots in decomposable wheat starch-gelatin based nano-biofilms

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract This research aims to discover a viable substitute for the common harmful plastic packaging utilized in food products. Citric acid was employed as an accessible and risk-free precursor synthesizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Using efficient carbonization technique, GQDs were obtained subsequently transferred nano-biofilms varying percentages relative natural polymers. FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, AFM analyses conducted examine formation of nano-biofilms. demonstrated optimal performance disk diffusion method 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical approach. Adding starch gelatin composite improved physical properties such moisture contact, swelling index, solubility. The transparency films reduced by GQDs, which reduces transmission visible light plays important role protection. films' weight loss due decomposition examined after being buried soil 50 days, relieved eco-concerns these films. To evaluate inhibiting spoilage, cherries, cucumbers packed with control film fabricated containing 14 wt% GQD. After modified nano-biofilm able maintain freshness samples.

Language: Английский

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Recycling of flame retardant polymers: Current technologies and future perspectives

Journal of Material Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 156 - 183

Published: March 28, 2024

Polymers are indispensable to humans in different applications due their ease of manufacturing and overall performance. However, after a material lifetime, there is large amount polymer-based waste, which greatly contributes the loss valuable resources environmental pollution. Thermoplastics may be readily recycled, but because flammability, amounts flame retardant (FR) additives required for many applications. This results significant volume FR polymeric wastes too, particularly halogenated plastics, subject severe recycling regulations. In general, thermoplastics containing FRs raising concerns, as effective strongly influenced by chemical composition, additive content, physicochemical characteristics waste stream. The thermosets even more challenging crosslinked cured nature, makes them resistant melting reprocessing. cases, traditional mechanical methods, such grinding melting, not applicable thermosetting polymers. Current methods do always consider recovery thermosetting/thermoplastic matrix presence toxic polymer network. Sorting solvent washing treatment important steps, usually performed before reduce contamination following steps. Considering all technical difficulties during recycling, high cost sorting washing, increasing demand sustainable procedures, scientific community fostering transformation toward feasible energy-efficient strategies. Also, directives imposing strict disposal rules, limiting use halogen-based compounds, promoting commercialization recyclable review aims provide general overview currently applied approaches thermosets, possible designing next generation materials. existing strategies polymers summarized. Developments covalent adaptable networks an outlook towards circularity also addressed this review.

Language: Английский

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Valorization of plastic waste via chemical activation and carbonization into activated carbon for functional material applications

RSC Applied Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 557 - 582

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review analyzes plastic carbonization with respect to existing utilization methods and details its use for production of activated carbon.

Language: Английский

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Semi-Interpenetrating Polyurethane Network with Fatigue Elimination and Upcycled Mechanical Performance

Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(10), P. 5063 - 5072

Published: April 25, 2024

Recyclable elastomers based on adaptable covalent networks fabricated via different types of dynamic bonds have been designed and prepared to resolve the urgent problems generated by waste elastomers. However, due inevitable side reactions during thermal recycling (e.g., oxidation, permanent cross-linking), mechanical recovery efficiency after is normally <90% for most recyclable elastomers, making it difficult achieve comparable performance. Herein, we report a novel semi-interpenetrating network design that achieves reinforcement topology isomerization formation new cross-linking points. The includes an aromatic disulfide bond-containing polyurethane long linear chains with side-chain vinyl groups. Triggered heat reprocessing, inside cross-linked break phenyl sulfur radicals undergo thiol–ene groups in chains, resulting increased density. Electron paramagnetic resonance testing, situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, high-temperature stress relaxation density measurements were utilized monitor process. tensile strength extensibility efficiencies reached 186 131% original values reprocessing twice, realizing recycling. Interestingly, similar mechanism, fatigue repeated stretch release cycles was efficiently eliminated upon treatment. Such strategy achieving polymer reinforced physical properties will benefit practical applications sustainable other thermosetting materials.

Language: Английский

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Review of recycling methods of thermoplastic composite materials

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(12), P. 1693 - 1713

Published: May 11, 2024

Usage of thermoplastic composites with low densities is increasing, lightness coming to the fore especially in aerospace industry while various sectors like automotive, electronics, sport etc. are also following trend. Important factors for preference thermoplastics increase amount waste conventional materials addition increasing product requirements. Composite wastes accumulated certain composite collection centers world and disposed by incineration. Until at least 2025, studies on recycling carried out European Union. Within this regard, most important feature that they can be melted shaped again high temperatures. In way, fibers matrices possible. Mainly thermal chemical methods preferred obtaining mechanical matrix. Hence, it aimed use both open closed loop order reduce wastes, energy consumption, fossil fuel carbon footprint. Note these approaches significance circular economy concept. Correspondingly, review thematizes current composites.

Language: Английский

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Revitalizing the circular economy: An exploration of e-waste recycling approaches in a technological epoch

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100124 - 100124

Published: June 13, 2024

In today's world, the proliferation of electronic devices has led to a significant increase in waste (e-waste) generation, necessitating development innovative approaches for sustainable management. E-waste recycling, which involves recovery valuable materials from discarded devices, emerged as promising solution growing e-waste problem. This article presents an analysis current state research on management, encompassing various recycling approaches, including mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. The revealed that most management focused technologies, with emphasis use chemical However, there is interest methods, such bioreactors microbial Many challenges lack uniform regulations, inadequate infrastructure, high cost technologies were initiated. formation product reuse through remanufacturing, deployment effective facilities are necessary e-waste. challenge develop cost-effective solutions (plastic-based metals-based e-waste). Several currently applied plastic-based primary, secondary, tertiary metallurgical ideal methods Furthermore, techno-economic feasibility different was estimated. suggests while some economically viable, need more optimize efficiency cost-effectiveness these

Language: Английский

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