Biointerphases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(4)
Published: July 1, 2023
This
article
discusses
the
challenges
and
potential
solutions
for
managing
wastewater
sludge
that
contains
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
using
experience
in
Maine
as
a
guide
toward
addressing
issue
nationally.
Traditional
treatment,
designed
to
remove
excess
organic
waste
nutrients,
does
not
eliminate
persistent
toxic
pollutants
like
PFAS,
instead
partitioning
chemicals
between
discharged
effluent
remaining
solids
sludge.
PFAS
chemistry,
molecular
size,
alkyl
chain
length,
fluorine
saturation,
charge
of
head
group,
composition
surrounding
matrix
influence
soil
water.
Land
application
sludge,
incineration,
storage
landfill
are
traditional
management
options.
Class
B
on
agricultural
fields
peaked
1990s,
totaling
over
2
×
106
cu
yd
40-year
period
has
contaminated
certain
food
crops
animal
forage,
posing
threat
supply
environment.
Additional
A
EQ
(Exceptional
Quality)
composted
was
also
applied
farmland.
The
State
banned
land
August
2022.
Most
sent
state-owned
Juniper
Ridge
Landfill,
which
accepted
94
270
tons
dewatered
2022,
14%
increase
2019.
Between
2019
sum
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
(PFOS)
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
concentrations
ranged
from
1.2
104.9
ng/g
dw.
In
generated
71.6
l
leachate.
concentration
six
leachate
increased
sixfold
2021
reaching
441
ng/l.
retention
within
solid-waste
landfills
long-term
release
through
liners
into
groundwater
require
ongoing
monitoring.
Thermal
or
pyrolysis
can
theoretically
mineralize
at
high
temperatures,
yet
strong
C-F
bond
reactivity
extreme
temperatures
complete
mineralization.
Future
alternatives
may
include
interim
options
such
preconditioning
with
nonpolar
solvents
prior
immobilization
landfills,
removing
leachate,
interrupting
cycle
moving
landfill,
via
then
back
Long-term
involve
destructive
technologies
electron
beam
irradiation,
electrochemical
advanced
oxidation,
hydrothermal
liquefaction.
highlights
need
innovative
sustainable
PFAS-contaminated
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(13), P. 10617 - 10617
Published: July 5, 2023
In
response
to
the
need
for
sustainable
solutions
address
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
contamination,
we
have
developed
an
eco-friendly
approach
synthesizing
two
types
of
metal-organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
using
waste
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
bottles
via
a
one-pot
microwave-assisted
strategy.
Our
innovative
method
not
only
avoids
initial
depolymerization
PET
but
also
promotes
environmental
conservation
by
recycling
materials.
The
La-MOF
and
Zr-MOF
materials
exhibit
remarkable
surface
areas
76.90
293.50
m2/g,
respectively,
with
demonstrating
greater
thermal
stability
than
Zr-MOF.
maximum
experimental
PFOA
adsorption
was
obtained
at
310
290
mg/g,
respectively.
Both
MOFs
follow
Langmuir
isotherm
closely,
following
pseudo-2nd-order
kinetic
model.
packed-bed
column
tests,
breakthrough
positions
174
150
min
were
observed
Zr-MOF,
corresponding
bed
volumes
452
mL
522
based
on
limit
0.07
µg/L
in
drinking
water.
These
findings
indicate
that
these
can
be
used
industrial
columns
remove
from
contaminated
water
sources
efficient
cost-effective
manner.
Importantly,
sorption
performance
fabricated
remained
stable,
decreasing
less
10%
over
seven
cycles.
This
study
underscores
potential
recycled
synthesis
as
effective
environmentally
friendly
solution
remediation.
has
several
managerial
implications,
such
use
feedstock,
which
reduce
cost
production
minimize
impact
promoting
repurposing,
enhancing
reputation
companies
operating
chemical
industry,
improving
their
sustainability
metrics.
By
integrating
principles
recycling,
our
offers
promising
avenues
addressing
contamination
while
resource
efficiency
conservation.
Biointerphases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(4)
Published: July 1, 2023
This
article
discusses
the
challenges
and
potential
solutions
for
managing
wastewater
sludge
that
contains
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
using
experience
in
Maine
as
a
guide
toward
addressing
issue
nationally.
Traditional
treatment,
designed
to
remove
excess
organic
waste
nutrients,
does
not
eliminate
persistent
toxic
pollutants
like
PFAS,
instead
partitioning
chemicals
between
discharged
effluent
remaining
solids
sludge.
PFAS
chemistry,
molecular
size,
alkyl
chain
length,
fluorine
saturation,
charge
of
head
group,
composition
surrounding
matrix
influence
soil
water.
Land
application
sludge,
incineration,
storage
landfill
are
traditional
management
options.
Class
B
on
agricultural
fields
peaked
1990s,
totaling
over
2
×
106
cu
yd
40-year
period
has
contaminated
certain
food
crops
animal
forage,
posing
threat
supply
environment.
Additional
A
EQ
(Exceptional
Quality)
composted
was
also
applied
farmland.
The
State
banned
land
August
2022.
Most
sent
state-owned
Juniper
Ridge
Landfill,
which
accepted
94
270
tons
dewatered
2022,
14%
increase
2019.
Between
2019
sum
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
(PFOS)
perfluorooctanoic
acid
(PFOA)
concentrations
ranged
from
1.2
104.9
ng/g
dw.
In
generated
71.6
l
leachate.
concentration
six
leachate
increased
sixfold
2021
reaching
441
ng/l.
retention
within
solid-waste
landfills
long-term
release
through
liners
into
groundwater
require
ongoing
monitoring.
Thermal
or
pyrolysis
can
theoretically
mineralize
at
high
temperatures,
yet
strong
C-F
bond
reactivity
extreme
temperatures
complete
mineralization.
Future
alternatives
may
include
interim
options
such
preconditioning
with
nonpolar
solvents
prior
immobilization
landfills,
removing
leachate,
interrupting
cycle
moving
landfill,
via
then
back
Long-term
involve
destructive
technologies
electron
beam
irradiation,
electrochemical
advanced
oxidation,
hydrothermal
liquefaction.
highlights
need
innovative
sustainable
PFAS-contaminated
