Electrochemical urea production using carbon dioxide and nitrate: state of the art and perspectives

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 3739 - 3752

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The minireview highlights recent developments in designing electrocatalysts for the co-reduction of CO 2 and nitrates into urea. It also discusses advanced detection methods intermediates final products, as well future research prospects.

Language: Английский

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Selective Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds via Electrochemical C–N Coupling on Atomically Dispersed Catalysts

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(35), P. 23894 - 23911

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

The C-N coupling reaction demonstrates broad application in the fabrication of a wide range high value-added organonitrogen molecules including fertilizers (e.g., urea), chemical feedstocks amines, amides), and biomolecules amino acids). electrocatalytic pathways from waste resources like CO

Language: Английский

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Advanced development of dual-atom catalysts: From synthesis methods to versatile electrocatalytic applications

Journal of Power Sources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 613, P. 234923 - 234923

Published: June 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Nitrogen-to-Ammonia Electrofixation via N₂ Expulsion by Squeezing Water Molecular Network with Kosmotropic Chemistry

Applied Catalysis B Environment and Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 125106 - 125106

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ambient urea synthesis via electrocatalytic C–N coupling

Materials Today Catalysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100092 - 100092

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Elucidating Relay Catalysis on Copper Clusters With Satellite Single Atoms for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Relay catalysis represents significant efficacy in alleviating competition among different reactants during coupling reactions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism underlying relay for urea electrosynthesis remains challenging. Herein, we have developed catalyst (CuAC-CuSA@NC) comprising Cu atomic clusters (CuAC) with satellite Cu─N4 single atoms (CuSA) sites on nitrogen-doped porous interconnected carbon skeleton (NC), enabling elucidation process co-reduction CO2 and NO3 -. The designed CuAC-CuSA@NC exhibits an approximately threefold higher yield rate compared to that CuSA@NC at -1.3 V versus RHE. Ex-situ experimental results in-situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis reveal formation sequence between *NH2 *NH2CO species increasing reduction potential. combination theoretical calculations further elucidates pathway involves "CuAC" facilitating conversion *NO3 *NOx, followed by hydrogenation form *H from water dissociation promoted "CuSA" sites, which subsequently couples *CO2 produce urea. This work provides novel insights into investigation reactions, but not limit to, synthesis.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating Relay Catalysis on Copper Clusters With Satellite Single Atoms for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis

Angewandte Chemie, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

Abstract Relay catalysis represents significant efficacy in alleviating competition among different reactants during coupling reactions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanism underlying relay for urea electrosynthesis remains challenging. Herein, we have developed catalyst (Cu AC ‐Cu SA @NC) comprising Cu atomic clusters ) with satellite Cu─N 4 single atoms sites on nitrogen‐doped porous interconnected carbon skeleton (NC), enabling elucidation process co‐reduction CO 2 and NO 3 − . The designed @NC exhibits an approximately threefold higher yield rate compared to that at −1.3 V versus RHE. Ex‐situ experimental results in‐situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis reveal formation sequence between *NH species increasing reduction potential. combination theoretical calculations further elucidates pathway involves “Cu ” facilitating conversion *NO x , followed by hydrogenation form *H from water dissociation promoted sites, which subsequently couples *CO produce urea. This work provides novel insights into investigation reactions, but not limit to, synthesis.

Language: Английский

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Catalyst design strategies for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 536, P. 216650 - 216650

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Urea Electrocatalysis: Applications, Materials and Mechanisms^†

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Comprehensive Summary Urea plays a vital role in human society, which has various applications organic synthesis, medicine, materials chemistry, and other fields. Conventional industrial urea production process is energy−intensive environmentally damaging. Recently, electrosynthesis offers greener alternative to efficient synthesis involving coupling CO 2 nitrogen sources at ambient conditions, affords an achievable way for diminishing the energy consumption emissions. Additionally, electrolysis, namely electrocatalytic oxidation reaction (UOR), another emerging approach very recently. When with hydrogen evolution reaction, UOR route potentially utilizes 93% less than water electrolysis. Although there have been many individual reviews discussing electrooxidation, critical need comprehensive review on electrocatalysis. The will serve as valuable reference design of advanced electrocatalysts enhance electrochemical electrocatalysis performance. In review, we present thorough two aspects: reaction. We summarize turn recently reported catalyst materials, multiple catalysis mechanisms principles Finally, major challenges opportunities are also proposed inspire further development technology. Key Scientists For electrosynthesis, Furuya et al. firstly investigated coreduction NO 3 − /NO using gas‐diffusion electrodes 1995. Then, Wang effectively achieved C—N bond formation PdCu alloy nanoparticles 2020. Shortly, Yan Yu *CO from *NO intermediates early stage In(OH) electrocatalyst 2021, employed defect engineering strategy facilitate NH protonation 2022. Amal al . Investigated that Cu‐N‐C coordination both RR RR. After that, Zhang's group developed In‐based artificial frustrated Lewis pairs urea, they offered systematic screening 2023. And sargent increased selectivity hybrid catalyst. Stevenson effect Sr substitution toward provided insights into electrooxidation β‐Ni(OH) electrode Qiao elucidated two‐stage pathway 2021.

Language: Английский

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A Perspective on Electrochemical Point Source Utilization of CO₂ and Other Flue Gas Components to Value Added Chemicals

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Abstract Electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (eCO RR) has been explored extensively for mitigation of noxious gas generating C 1 and 2+ hydrocarbons oxygenates as value‐added fuels chemicals with remarkable selectivity. The source being a pure feed, it does not fully satisfy the real‐time digestion industrial exhausts. Besides detrimental effect mixture leading to global warming, there is huge capital investment in purifying flue mixtures from industries. presence other impurity gases affects eCO RR mechanism its activity selectivity toward products dwindle drastically. Impurities like NO x , SO O N halide ions present reduce conversion significantly. Instead wiping out these impurities via separation processes, new strategies material chemistry electrochemistry can open avenues turning foes friends! In this perspective, co‐electroreduction will vividly discussed supporting role different heteroatom‐containing highly stable C─N, C─S, C─X bonds, highlight existing limitations providing probable solutions attaining further success field translating exhaust streams.

Language: Английский

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