Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 28, 2022

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbes transform metabolize dietary- host-derived molecules generating diverse group metabolites local systemic effects. bi-directional communication between brain residing gut, so-called gut–brain axis, consists network immunological, neuronal, endocrine signaling pathways. Although full variety mechanisms crosstalk is yet to be established, existing data demonstrates that single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among key inductors within axis communication. However, more research needed understand molecular underlying how alter functions, examine if different interventional approaches targeting could used prevention treatment neurological disorders, as reviewed herein.Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood–brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic ZO Zonula occludens proteins

Language: Английский

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From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 20, 2021

Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining life humans animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt metabolic health host cause various disorders. A variety factors have been implicated in control, including gut microbiota, which develop intricate interactions to manipulate requirements hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites components act as appetite-related signaling molecules regulate hormone secretion immune system, or directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize effects microbiota consider potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, propose that manipulation represents a clinical therapeutic lessening development consequence Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management: microbes as friends or foe?

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 258 - 271

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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The enteric nervous system

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1487 - 1564

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Of all the organ systems in body, gastrointestinal tract is most complicated terms of numbers structures involved, each with different functions, and types signaling molecules utilized. The digestion food absorption nutrients, electrolytes, water occurs a hostile luminal environment that contains large diverse microbiota. At core regulatory control digestive defensive functions enteric nervous system (ENS), complex neurons glia gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) intrinsic neural involved 2) how ENS interacts immune system, microbiota, epithelium to maintain mucosal defense barrier function. We highlight developments have revolutionized our understanding physiology pathophysiology control. These include new molecular architecture ENS, organization function motor circuits, roles glia. explore transduction stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, regulation intestinal glia, local role microbiota regulating structure ENS. Multifunctional work together glial macrophages, interstitial cells integrating an array signals initiate outputs are precisely regulated space time homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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The gut, its microbiome, and the brain: connections and communications

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(18)

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Modern research on gastrointestinal behavior has revealed it to be a highly complex bidirectional process in which the gut sends signals brain, via spinal and vagal visceral afferent pathways, receives sympathetic parasympathetic inputs. Concomitantly, enteric nervous system within bowel, contains intrinsic primary neurons, interneurons, motor also senses environment controls detailed patterns of intestinal motility secretion. The vast microbiome that is resident lumen yet another contributor, not only behavior, but signaling process, so existence microbiota-gut-brain “connectome” become apparent. interaction between microbiota, brain now appears neither top-down nor bottom-up process. Instead, an ongoing, tripartite conversation, outline beginning emerge subject this Review. We emphasize aspects exponentially increasing knowledge focus attention roles serotonin, Toll-like receptors, macrophages play as exemplars potentially generalizable mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Nociceptor neurons direct goblet cells via a CGRP-RAMP1 axis to drive mucus production and gut barrier protection

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(22), P. 4190 - 4205.e25

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Vagus Nerve and Underlying Impact on the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in Behavior and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 6213 - 6230

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Abstract: The gut microbiota is the most abundant and diverse in human body vagus nerve widely distributed complex body, both of them are essential maintaining homeostasis. important phenomenon how they coordinate to regulate functions, which has attracted great attention scientists. academic literature on correlation with a host intestinal diseases even systemic revealed bidirectional communication between brain, can be carried out via multiple patterns. In review, firstly, we have general overview microbiota-brain axis. Secondly, according distribution characteristics nerve, analyzed summarized its function tract. At same time, underlying mechanism some behavior changes such as depressive anxiety-like behaviors related neurodegenerative caused by microecological environment disorders, then also inconsistency experimental evidence order propose novel strategies for clinical practice. Keywords: axis, microbiota, behavior,

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome–Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1717 - 1763

Published: May 8, 2023

Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, which its metabolic production major component, form so-called microbiome–brain axis. Disturbances homeostasis caused by imbalance their functional composition activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation these pathways trigger changes blood–brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological disorders. In turn, can affect structure function through autonomic nervous system regulating motility, intestinal transit secretion, permeability. Here, we examine data from CAS Content Collection, largest published scientific information, analyze publication landscape recent research. We review advances knowledge related to human microbiome, complexity functionality, communication with central system, effect axis on mental health. discuss correlations between various diseases, specifically also explore metabolites regard impact associated diseases. Finally, assess clinical applications gut-microbiota-related substances development pipelines. hope this serve useful resource understanding current emerging field an effort further solving remaining challenges fulfilling potential.

Language: Английский

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The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 101556 - 101556

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests exact mechanism behind this devastating to be multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates quest an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well impedes search strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next its clinical symptoms, latter being supported by a handful human intervention trials. Additionally, substantial amount trials highlight potential diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, pre- and probiotics modulating brain’s neurotransmitter system, starting from gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse slow down progression likewise, should initially tested with mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both gut brain. Thereafter, therapeutic effect confirmed rigorously randomized controlled humans, preferentially across continuum, but especially prodromal up mild stages, where high adherence therapies, room noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In end, might aid development comprehensive approach tackle complex disease, since derivatives microbiota-gut-brain axis serve possible biomarkers progression, forming valuable target drug development. narrative review, available concerning orchestrating role within summarized discussed, general considerations future highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(11), P. 2466 - 2514

Published: June 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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