Review on Underlying Mechanisms of Low Salinity Waterflooding: Comparisons between Sandstone and Carbonate

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 2407 - 2423

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Low salinity effects (LSE) improved recovery could be obtained by reducing and/or modifying the specific ions of injected brines. waterflooding (LSW) is described as a certain low-cost and eco-friendly oil technique, when referring enhanced (EOR) potential laboratory observations field pilots in recent decades. Various underlying mechanisms behind LSE were proposed, including saponification, multi-ionic exchange (MIE), electric double-layer (EDL) expansion, fines migration, salt effect, osmotic so on. However, first, to our best knowledge, there not yet mechanism recognized all experts. Second, sandstones always taken for granted applied directly carbonates, without considering discrepancies mineral compositions pore structures. Third, spontaneous imbibition performances usually concluded indication wettability alteration, straightforward on caused low brine. Review results reveal necessary conditions influences. Necessary should satisfied trigger LSE, phase with polar components, connate water, brine key composition salinity, clay minerals, initial performance. Their sole or mutual interactions influence functions. Mechanisms classified into two types: solid–liquid liquid–liquid. These (e.g., EDL MIE, migration) attributed while microdispersion, osmosis snap-off belong liquid–liquid interfacial factor. Sandstones mainly consist quartz clay, initially tending behave water wetness, carbonates calcium carbonate magnesium carbonate, behaving oil-wet. Therefore, are contributed related other factors. The findings this study can help better understanding speeding up further endeavors explore its EOR.

Language: Английский

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Wettability Alteration during Low-Salinity Water Flooding

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 871 - 879

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Low-salinity water flooding (LSWF) for hydrocarbon recovery has attracted industrial attention, owing to its simplicity and economic feasibility. Although this topic received numerous studies, mechanisms driving the low-salinity effect remain poorly understood. This study is aimed at investigating direct effects of injecting brine (0.6 0.2 M NaCl) as non-wetting fluid Soltrol 130 a synthetic wetting on outcrop "Austin Chalk" rock samples. The petrophysical properties samples were estimated by saturating core with high- laboratory conditions. Experiments conducted unsteady-state steady-state flow both imbibition drainage processes. A shift right been observed relative permeability curve NaCl along drop in irreducible saturation (Swi) residual oil (Sor). Furthermore, results have shown reduction from 22.2 18.7% when using compared 0.6 NaCl. current research demonstrates that ionic interactions among rock, oil, compositions would alter situ wettability carbonate oil-wet/mixed-wet more water-wet correlation found double-layer expansion, ζ potential, alteration during LSWF. Moreover, improved takes place LSWF only repulsive electrostatic force between oil–brine mineral–brine interfaces induced change composition. potential become negative dilution brine. After sample aged changed, indicating an wettability.

Language: Английский

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Artificial neural network, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, and committee machine intelligent system help to improve performance prediction of low salinity water injection in carbonate oil reservoirs

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 111046 - 111046

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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A Review of Wettability Alteration by Spontaneous Imbibition Using Low-Salinity Water in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

Energies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 2373 - 2373

Published: March 1, 2023

Analysis of fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs), as a highly heterogeneous and complex system, requires detailed study the fracture-matrix interactions. The main process movement between fracture matrix is spontaneous imbibition (SI), which can occur co/countercurrent states. In addition, most carbonate rocks are non-water-wet, lead to low oil recovery. Wettability greatly affects performance SI process. Injection water or chemicals be insufficient because fluids mostly pass through permeable fractures early breakthrough. Therefore, wettability alteration mechanism should applied NFRs, low-salinity (LSW) injection considered an effective enhanced recovery (EOR) approach. this review, experimental numerical studies co/counter-imbibition analyzed show importance investigating review shows effect on rocks. LSW carbonates possibilities for implementing EOR method. However, during using has not yet been studied, no simulation models flows have provided. Based more recommended duplicate LSW. Advanced techniques such CT scanning, MRI, NTI used reveal distribution. Using data, developed characterize dynamic imbibition.

Language: Английский

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Strategy for Optimum Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Operation

Journal of Resource Recovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The main objective of this review paper is to present practical considerations for field implementation chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) methods which are complex and require a tailored study given reservoir. Researchers have examined several CEOR screening standards. To the best our knowledge, however, there no thorough provide detailed workflow transitioning laboratory studies into practices project execution operations. We analyze highlight more than thirty publications published between 2018 2021 in order give readers latest information about different methods. also summary both conventional cutting-edge technologies. This provides readers, researcher, suppliers with better understanding novel hybrid techniques that currently being developed. tools ranking selecting methods, such as chemicals, guidelines, workflow, injection parameters, formulations, economic parameters. Our survey's findings indicate scaling up from scale deployment has many challenges barriers. These barriers include; cost, history match forecast simulations, surveillance, facilities, method considerations, standardization performance metrics, onset projects, manufacturing, environmental impacts Finally, based on these findings, we proposed new projects. In summary, strategy developing, implementing, assessing

Language: Английский

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Silica Nanofluids in Low Salinity Water for Wettability Alteration of the Mineral Surface and the Effect of Surface Roughness

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 2830 - 2843

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Surface roughness plays a crucial role in oil recovery operation. Wenzel's equation relates the contact angle of liquid droplet on rough surface to its intrinsic and roughness. Herein, we report impact wettability quartz surfaces using silica nanofluid low-salinity (low-sal) water under different temperature pressure conditions. We employed atomic microscopy analyze that shows varying degrees The results stability reveal one key factors enhancing colloidal nanoparticles is electrolyte's pH. Increasing substrate from 34.6 415 nm decreased crude 63 30°. Furthermore, decrease with an increase prominent for highly surfaces. Likewise, slight exaggerates effect surface. Scanning electron energy-dispersive X-ray analyses confirm dendritic structure low-sal-silica Our study strengthens hypothesis together chemistry factor determining wettability.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced oil recovery formulations for liquid-rich shale reservoirs

Fuel, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 368, P. 131573 - 131573

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Wettability Alteration and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Porous Media by Tuning Waterflood Chemistry

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 3586 - 3597

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is described by a multiphase system consisting of oil, the hosting rock reservoir matrix, and an invading fluid (IF) that injected into to displace residual oil. Wettability one unique physicochemical properties this known influence displacement IF affect recovery. Tuning chemistry, such as through low salinity waterflooding, has been shown alter wettability media increased For carbonate reservoirs, specifically, reports alteration with changes in chemistry have inconsistent, role divalent potential-determining ions altering debated. The lack understanding how alters reservoirs limits field-scale predictions EOR effectiveness. This research systematically evaluated interactions different compositions model oil-wet correlated these patterns observed during waterflooding granular Hele-Shaw cell. Fluid stability was quantified fractal dimension displaced area, which compared across time length scales using effective capillary number. Results show dissolved calcium specifically interact surfaces reduce magnitude negative surface charge wettability, resulting more stable waterflooding. findings improve fundamental implications design IFs reservoirs.

Language: Английский

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Investigation into fluid-fluid interaction phenomena during low salinity waterflooding using a reservoir-on-a-chip microfluidic model

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 108074 - 108074

Published: Oct. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

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Pore-scale imaging and analysis of low salinity waterflooding in a heterogeneous carbonate rock at reservoir conditions

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 23, 2021

Abstract X-ray micro-tomography combined with a high-pressure high-temperature flow apparatus and advanced image analysis techniques were used to study fluid distribution, wetting states oil recovery during low salinity waterflooding (LSW) in complex carbonate rock at subsurface conditions. The sample, aged crude oil, was flooded brine series of increasing rates, eventually recovering 85% the initially place resolved porosity. pore throat occupancy revealed change distribution space for different injection rates. Low invaded large pores, consistent displacement an oil-wet rock. However, as more injected, redistribution fluids observed; smaller pores throats by displaced moved into larger elements. Furthermore, situ contact angles curvatures oil–brine interfaces measured characterize wettability changes within calculate capillary pressure. Contact angles, mean pressures all showed shift from weakly towards mixed-wet state volumes injected sample. Overall, this establishes methodology quantify scale which appears be dominant mechanism LSW.

Language: Английский

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