Cropping patterns and plant population density alter nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components, leaf photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in field-grown soybean

Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 226, P. 120680 - 120680

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Gene expression through comparative transcriptome analysis unravels the molecular mechanisms of fertilizer-induced hormonal regulation and leaf senescence in maize for enhanced yield in semiarid regions

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract Aims Fertilizers can significantly influence leaf senescence and hormonal regulation, which in turn impacts crop yield. Despite significant advancements understanding fertilizer effects on plant growth, the specific molecular mechanisms through fertilizers regulation senescence, subsequent impact yield, remain underexplored. This study addresses this critical gap by examining transcriptional, physiological, semiarid regions of rainfed spring maize under long-term fertilizers. Methods Fertilizer treatments include no amendment (NA), inorganic (CF), combined organic (SC), (SM), straw (MS) replicated three times. Results The highest number differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed CF (3972) followed SC (1949) comparison to NA, showing a strong effect gene expressions. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that numerous involved biosynthesis secondary metabolites, hormone signaling, photosynthesis pathways, metabolic pathways showed varied expressions up- downregulation. ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic salicylic brassinosteroid indicated their interaction promoted whereas those related auxin gibberellin had minimal impact. In ethylene pathway known two receptor (ETR) (Zm00001d013486 Zm00001d021687) downregulated, whereas, ethylene-insensitive proteins 3 (EIN2) (Zm00001d053594 Zm00001d033625) upregulation CF, SM treatments. Furthermore, 86 highly up-regulated encompassing components such as antenna, complexes II, cytochrome complexes, electron transport, ATP complex compared MS. Conclusion summary, finds DEGs stronger responses fertilizers, likely due decomposing at slower rate. Nevertheless, transcriptional physiological analyses indicate treatment sustainably enhances productivity without causing adverse environmental effects, outperforming other (NA, SM, MS). These results provide new perspectives genetic discovery cultivation areas.

Language: Английский

---

A High Amount of Straw Pellets Returning Delays Maize Leaf Senescence, Improves Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, and Yield Increase in Northeast China

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 711 - 711

Published: March 14, 2025

Enhancing chlorophyll retention in maize leaves and prolonging the grain-filling duration constitute critical strategies for yield improvement agricultural production systems. This study investigated mechanistic relationship between enhancement pathways leaf senescence process induced by high-input straw pellets amendment. We analyzed impact mechanisms of green area dynamics dry matter redistribution on during late reproductive stages, establishing theoretical foundations optimization through intensive incorporation. The used variety Jingnongke 728 as experimental material. Based previous research, four treatments were set up, including no returning (CK), chopped (15 t/ha) to field (FS1), a large amount (75 (FS5), pelletized (KL5), with replicates. A two-year design systematically assessed index (GLAI), accumulation, distribution, translocation, components, grain explore differences among various under different amounts forms. detected significant FS1 CK. Although KL5 FS5 delayed senescence, significantly depressed (GLAI) at R1 stage (silking), which results it not having more effective photosynthetic phenological phases. In dynamics, exhibited 5.52–25.71% greater pre-anthesis 2.73–60.74% higher post-anthesis 9.48–25.76% elevated ear allocation relative other treatments. KL5’s assimilates contributed 2.43–17.02% development, concurrently increasing ear-to-total biomass ratio. Yield analysis ranked superior treatment 0.68–25.15% advantage, driven enhanced kernel number per 100-kernel mass, whereas displayed lowest count all Returning 75 t/ha black soil Northeast China can delay increase accumulation after anthesis maintaining later growth, thereby achieving goal yield. research offer practical novel approach return region provide new technological pathway enhancing crop productivity.

Language: Английский

---

Optimized planting density and nitrogen rate improved grain yield of drip-fertigated maize by enhancing canopy structure and photosynthetic capacity

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101813 - 101813

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Plant Growth Regulators Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield under High Density by Optimizing Canopy Structure and Delaying Leaf Senescence

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1262 - 1262

Published: June 11, 2024

Shaping the canopy architecture and delaying leaf senescence in maize are pivotal strategies for extending crop’s photosynthetic period improving yield. The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a critical cultivation measure, with timing being paramount importance. To explore effects PGR time on structure, characteristics yield, comparative two-year field study was undertaken during 2019–2020 growing seasons at Gongzhuling Experimental Station Jilin Academy Agricultural Sciences, utilizing containing ethephon as active ingredient. experiment structured two densities 60,000 90,000 plants ha−1, three distinct protocols: T10 (application 10th stage), T15 15th CK (control group sprayed water). result indicated that yield increased by 5.62% following treatment compared to under high density (90,000 ha−1). Furthermore, kernel per ear 1000-kernel weight 3.93% respectively, while abortion rate decreased. Correlation analysis showed components were correlated morphology, physiology, aging ha−1. Pollen also positively top area angle (p < 0.01). relative green maturity (RGLAM) positive correlations chlorophyll b, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), soluble protein content 0.01), displaying negative correlation malondialdehyde (MDA) Spraying 15-leaf stage can effectively enhance structure reduce upper angle, increase pollen density, boost number grains. it delayed leaves, prolonged functional weight, optimized light resource utilization, ultimately enhanced

Language: Английский

---

Optimizing Nitrogen Application Enhances Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Productivity by Modulating Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1142 - 1142

Published: May 7, 2025

Optimizing fertilization practices can reduce the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers, thereby enhancing crop yield while mitigating environmental impacts. In 2021–2022, we conducted field experiments in Inner Mongolia region, evaluating effects different methods on sugar beet growth and productivity. A two-factor randomized complete block design was applied for with rates (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg ha−1, denoted as N0, N75, N150, N225, N300, respectively) primary factor (single basal application, S1; split S2) second factor. The results indicate that increasing significantly enhances leaf growth, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation, metabolism, yield. comparison a nitrogen-free treatment, N225S1 treatment improved development resulting an average increase 29.36% over two years. Notably, by optimizing root–shoot balance carbon–nitrogen N150S2 achieved root yields comparable to N225S1. Therefore, our study demonstrates maintain reducing fertilizer inputs, providing valuable insights sustainable cultivation Mongolia, main growing area China.

Language: Английский

---

Optimizing nitrogen fertilization to enhance wheat productivity by regulating canopy-root traits and photosynthesis under elevated atmospheric ammonia concentration

European Journal of Agronomy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 127664 - 127664

Published: May 8, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Foliar magnesium application improves sweet corn yield: boosting nutrient uptake and grain carbohydrate under dense planting condition

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 9, 2025

Magnesium (Mg) plays a critical role in regulating yield and grain quality corn. However, its management is often overlooked cultivation, particularly under high-density planting conditions, where intensified nutrient competition can exacerbate Mg deficiency. To address the knowledge gap strategies, we conducted three-season field trials (2021-2022) evaluating foliar spraying with different concentrations of fertilizer dense conditions. The results showed that 4% significantly increased sweet corn fresh ear yield, weight, grains per ear, while reducing abortion rate compared to water (CK) treatment across all three seasons. Foliar markedly dry matter, N, K, Ca, accumulation over two seasons 2022. leaf Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value by an average 6.9% 9.3% at R1 R3 stages, respectively, CK treatment. Although 21.1% total (16.9 kg ha − ¹) was acquired post-silking, vegetative remobilization contributed minimally (&lt; 5%). filling 7 12 days after silking, sucrose, fructose, glucose 14.4%, 2.7%, 9.3%, 27 silking Based on these findings, propose practical fertilization guideline for cultivation: applications MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, totaling 8.78 -1 . This strategy improves uptake, enhances carbohydrate accumulation, supports optimization without compromising quality.

Language: Английский

---

Optimum Plant Density Improved Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Root Production Capacity and Photosynthesis for High Cotton Yield under Plastic Film Mulching

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 1040 - 1040

Published: May 14, 2024

Cotton photosynthetic efficiency and the root–shoot relationship are two important physiological indexes affecting final yield, but interactive effects of plastic film mulching planting density on cotton have rarely been reported. We aimed to investigate optimal plant with or without for improved seed yield in southern Xinjiang. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted (with mulching) (D1: 9 × 104 plants ha−1; D2: 18 D3, 22 ha−1, local conventional density; D4, 27 ha−1) relationship, parameters, yield. Our results showed that under at all densities, economic income significantly lower comparison 2023. Compared D2 increased by 6.9% 12.2%, either mulching, respectively. The highest increase due greatest improvements root production capacity photosynthesis. boll system (BCR) loading (BLR) were among treatments being 9.0% 16.9% higher than D3 2022 However, ratio (R/S) 7.1% Moreover, moderate (D2) SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm PIabs), parameter (Pn, Tr, Gs) decreased Ci compared other both years. Further analyses correlation analysis highly positive correlated BLR, BCR, parameter. In summary, suitable (18 combined has potential obtain high yields enhancing assimilates, improving production, providing reference mulching.

Language: Английский

---

Advancements in fuzzy expert systems for site-specific nitrogen fertilisation: Incorporating RGB colour codes and irrigation schedules for precision maize production in Bangladesh

Research in Agricultural Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 70(3), P. 155 - 166

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

---