Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: The Potential of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Egg Substitutes DOI Creative Commons
J. David Spence

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(7), P. 1210 - 1212

Published: June 26, 2024

In an excellent review of plant-based meat alternatives in this issue the Canadian Journal Cardiology, Nagra et al.1Nagra M. Tsam F. Ward S. Ur E. The potential for reducing cardiovascular disease risk.Can J Cardiol. 2024; XXXXX-XXGoogle Scholar focus on reduction risk factors, and effects various individual dietary factors risk. For example, "Soy consumption may reduce CVD, CHD, stroke by 16%, 17%, 18% respectively, while also several cancers, including breast cancer." And, "Canola oil significantly reduced TC, LDL-C, apoB compared with other oils." They found improvement cardiometabolic profiles alternatives, but no blood pressure. However, what really matters is not effect components a diet, nor diet factors; actual events such as myocardial infarction stroke. Most physicians markedly underestimate benefit place far too little emphasis management patients at high events. recent years there has been much controversy about benefits approaches to low-carbohydrate diets, keto paleo alternate-day fasting, so on. it's all that complicated: Based evidence from randomised clinical trials, Cretan Mediterranean best risk, although possible vegetarian might be good or better. greater than factors. mainly diet,2Keys A. public health: personal reflections.Am Clin Nutr. 1995; 611321S-3SGoogle whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, monounsaturated fat, low dairy products. Seven Countries Study, 10-year coronary among men Crete was 1/15th Eastern Finland (200 vs 3000 events).3Willett W.C. Stampfer M.J. Rebuilding food pyramid.Sci Am. 2003; 288: 64-71Crossref PubMed Google percentage calories fat 40% 38% Finland, it olive animal which always accompanied cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol increases adverse saturated fat.4Fielding C.J. Havel R.J. Todd K.M. al.Effects saturation plasma lipoproteins ethnically diverse population healthy young men.J Invest. 95: 611-618Crossref Notwithstanding (probably largely industry generated), clear intake harmful.5Spence J.D. Srichaikul K.K. Jenkins D.J.A. Cardiovascular harm egg yolk meat: more just fat.J Am Heart Assoc. 2021; 10e017066Crossref Scopus (21) Scholar,6Spence D.J. Davignon J. yolks: vascular disease.Can 2010; 26: e336-e339Abstract Full Text PDF An randomized controlled trial Israel (> 90% adherence 1 year > 80% 2 years) showed same weight loss (Atkins-style) both were better low-fat diet. Importantly, lowering fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance.7Shai I. Schwarzfuchs D. Henkin Y. al.Weight low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, diet.N Engl Med. 2008; 359: 229-241Crossref (1546) Spanish Primary Prevention Disease Diet (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED]) study overweight nondiabetic persons arms diet: supplementation mixed nuts. primary end point major event (myocardial infarction, stroke, death causes). intention-to-treat analysis participants adjusting baseline characteristics propensity scores, hazard ratios, control 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.91) extra-virgin 0.72 CI, 0.54-0.95) nuts.8Estruch R. Ros Salas-Salvado al.Primary prevention supplemented nuts.N 2018; 378: e34Crossref (1127) Regarding protein intake, supplements are necessary, flesh. Approximately 600 million people India do fine Legumes missing some essential amino acids, whereas grains different ones, combining legumes (eg, rice beans lentils) gives complete protein. Furthermore, addition being environment, saves consumer money.9Kahleova H. Sutton Maracine C. al.Vegan costs adults overweight: secondary trial.JAMA Netw Open. 2023; 6e2332106Crossref (3) (Have you noticed price chicken kinds flesh our supermarkets lately?) Besides substitutes, great use substitutes. yolks only due content meat, very yolks; elevation levels toxic metabolites intestinal microbiome, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Plasma TMAO increase linearly consumption.10Miller C.A. Corbin K.D. da Costa K.A. al.Effect ingestion trimethylamine-N-oxide production humans: randomized, controlled, dose-response study.Am 2014; 100: 778-786Abstract (194) microbiome have increasing interest years. extreme phenotypes atherosclerosis, unexplained atherosclerosis (severe despite absence traditional factors) protected phenotype (normal arteries factors). "Plasma TMAO, p-cresyl sulfate, glucuronide, phenylacetylglutamine lower phenotype, higher those significant differences renal function nutrient precursors gut-derived uremic toxins. linear multiple regression broad panel (P < 0.011) sulfate independent predictors carotid plaque burden."11Bogiatzi Gloor G. Allen-Vercoe al.Metabolic products extremes atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis. 273: 91-97Abstract (104) Carnitine (particularly red meat) phosphatidylcholine converted bacteria trimethylamine, then oxidised liver TMAO. renally eliminated; even moderate impairment (an estimated glomerular filtration rate 66 mL/min/1.73 m2) raises metabolites,12Pignanelli Bogiatzi al.Moderate produced microbiome: implications.J Ren 2019; 29: 55-64Abstract level normal aged 75 years.13Spence Urquhart B.L. Bang Effect atherosclerosis: partially mediated homocysteine.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31: 937-944Crossref This important implications: Patients impaired function, elderly, should limit avoid yolk. Thanks, doubt, inexplicably successful propaganda industry,14Greger Eggs cholesterol: patently false misleading claims.http://nutritionfacts.org/video/eggs-and-cholesterol-patently-false-and-misleading-claims/2013Date accessed: May 20, 2015Google Scholar, 15Barnard N.D. Long M.B. Ferguson J.M. Flores Kahleova Industry funding research: systematic review.Am Lifestyle 15: 165-172Crossref (6) 16Nestle Food nutrition relevance history current debates.JAMA Intern 176: 1685-1686Crossref (48) most public, well physicians, idea how harmful is. reviewed 2021.5Spence Table compares monstrosity, Hardee's Monster Thickburger. Two large contain cholesterol, precursor, monster burger, contains 4 days' worth Over year, contents eggs week would equivalent 200 extra meat!Table 1Egg Thickburger: precursorsCholesterol contentTMAO precursor2 yolks∗Jumbo (75 g) eggs.474 mg320 mg phosphatidylcholineHardee's Thickburger†12 ounces beef, 3 slices cheese, bacon.265 carnitineTMAO, N-oxide.∗ Jumbo eggs.† 12 bacon. Open table new tab N-oxide. Hazen's group switching white meatless meals within month.17Wang Z. Bergeron N. Levison B.S. al.Impact chronic nonmeat metabolism excretion women.Eur 40: 583-594Crossref (0) Egg substitutes No Fat Creations, Just Egg, Better'n Eggs, others can used make tasty omelets, frittatas, salad sandwiches, dishes. (Recipes available author request.) Like they frequently disease. Persons yolk, helpful wishing their Their undoubtedly I thank Dr David Fitchett pointing me comparison outlined 1. sources declare.

Language: Английский

The dichotomy between functional and functionalized foods – A critical characterization of concepts DOI Creative Commons
Oleg Frumuzachi,

Alan Flanagan,

Sascha Rohn

et al.

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 116173 - 116173

Published: March 14, 2025

Diet is one of the main drivers non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD). Modifying food supply may be an attractive strategy for promoting health and reducing NCD risk. The intentional modification, processing, enrichment, or fortification foods to produce "functional foods" currently varies according legal definitions existing regulatory frameworks, initially intended function, production methods. This review critically appraises concepts applied functional foods, proposing a new concept "functionalized foods". conceptual difference between two categories that term used products validated human through controlled trials, while obtained enrichment (bio)fortification lack such validation, yet. Consequently, aims establish framework better understanding range products, enhancing communication, more accurate interpretation landscape.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Denial, Deception, and Ignorance: “Culturo-Behavior Unscience” Examined in Three Recent Books DOI
Richard F. Rakos,

Mark P. Alavosius,

Jonathan Krispin

et al.

Behavior and Social Issues, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Plant-Based Meat consumption value: vegetarian and non-vegetarian. DOI

Lim Chui Seong,

Wong Siew Chin,

Yeo Chu May

et al.

Appetite, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108015 - 108015

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Plant-Based Diets: Nutritional Considerations and Public Health Implications DOI
David Goldman,

Matthew Nagra,

Cassandra Warbeck

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Plant-based meat alternatives and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis DOI
Rubén Fernández‐Rodríguez, Bruno Bizzozero‐Peroni, Valentina Díaz-Goñi

et al.

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: The Potential of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives and Egg Substitutes DOI Creative Commons
J. David Spence

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(7), P. 1210 - 1212

Published: June 26, 2024

In an excellent review of plant-based meat alternatives in this issue the Canadian Journal Cardiology, Nagra et al.1Nagra M. Tsam F. Ward S. Ur E. The potential for reducing cardiovascular disease risk.Can J Cardiol. 2024; XXXXX-XXGoogle Scholar focus on reduction risk factors, and effects various individual dietary factors risk. For example, "Soy consumption may reduce CVD, CHD, stroke by 16%, 17%, 18% respectively, while also several cancers, including breast cancer." And, "Canola oil significantly reduced TC, LDL-C, apoB compared with other oils." They found improvement cardiometabolic profiles alternatives, but no blood pressure. However, what really matters is not effect components a diet, nor diet factors; actual events such as myocardial infarction stroke. Most physicians markedly underestimate benefit place far too little emphasis management patients at high events. recent years there has been much controversy about benefits approaches to low-carbohydrate diets, keto paleo alternate-day fasting, so on. it's all that complicated: Based evidence from randomised clinical trials, Cretan Mediterranean best risk, although possible vegetarian might be good or better. greater than factors. mainly diet,2Keys A. public health: personal reflections.Am Clin Nutr. 1995; 611321S-3SGoogle whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, monounsaturated fat, low dairy products. Seven Countries Study, 10-year coronary among men Crete was 1/15th Eastern Finland (200 vs 3000 events).3Willett W.C. Stampfer M.J. Rebuilding food pyramid.Sci Am. 2003; 288: 64-71Crossref PubMed Google percentage calories fat 40% 38% Finland, it olive animal which always accompanied cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol increases adverse saturated fat.4Fielding C.J. Havel R.J. Todd K.M. al.Effects saturation plasma lipoproteins ethnically diverse population healthy young men.J Invest. 95: 611-618Crossref Notwithstanding (probably largely industry generated), clear intake harmful.5Spence J.D. Srichaikul K.K. Jenkins D.J.A. Cardiovascular harm egg yolk meat: more just fat.J Am Heart Assoc. 2021; 10e017066Crossref Scopus (21) Scholar,6Spence D.J. Davignon J. yolks: vascular disease.Can 2010; 26: e336-e339Abstract Full Text PDF An randomized controlled trial Israel (> 90% adherence 1 year > 80% 2 years) showed same weight loss (Atkins-style) both were better low-fat diet. Importantly, lowering fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance.7Shai I. Schwarzfuchs D. Henkin Y. al.Weight low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, diet.N Engl Med. 2008; 359: 229-241Crossref (1546) Spanish Primary Prevention Disease Diet (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED]) study overweight nondiabetic persons arms diet: supplementation mixed nuts. primary end point major event (myocardial infarction, stroke, death causes). intention-to-treat analysis participants adjusting baseline characteristics propensity scores, hazard ratios, control 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-0.91) extra-virgin 0.72 CI, 0.54-0.95) nuts.8Estruch R. Ros Salas-Salvado al.Primary prevention supplemented nuts.N 2018; 378: e34Crossref (1127) Regarding protein intake, supplements are necessary, flesh. Approximately 600 million people India do fine Legumes missing some essential amino acids, whereas grains different ones, combining legumes (eg, rice beans lentils) gives complete protein. Furthermore, addition being environment, saves consumer money.9Kahleova H. Sutton Maracine C. al.Vegan costs adults overweight: secondary trial.JAMA Netw Open. 2023; 6e2332106Crossref (3) (Have you noticed price chicken kinds flesh our supermarkets lately?) Besides substitutes, great use substitutes. yolks only due content meat, very yolks; elevation levels toxic metabolites intestinal microbiome, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Plasma TMAO increase linearly consumption.10Miller C.A. Corbin K.D. da Costa K.A. al.Effect ingestion trimethylamine-N-oxide production humans: randomized, controlled, dose-response study.Am 2014; 100: 778-786Abstract (194) microbiome have increasing interest years. extreme phenotypes atherosclerosis, unexplained atherosclerosis (severe despite absence traditional factors) protected phenotype (normal arteries factors). "Plasma TMAO, p-cresyl sulfate, glucuronide, phenylacetylglutamine lower phenotype, higher those significant differences renal function nutrient precursors gut-derived uremic toxins. linear multiple regression broad panel (P < 0.011) sulfate independent predictors carotid plaque burden."11Bogiatzi Gloor G. Allen-Vercoe al.Metabolic products extremes atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis. 273: 91-97Abstract (104) Carnitine (particularly red meat) phosphatidylcholine converted bacteria trimethylamine, then oxidised liver TMAO. renally eliminated; even moderate impairment (an estimated glomerular filtration rate 66 mL/min/1.73 m2) raises metabolites,12Pignanelli Bogiatzi al.Moderate produced microbiome: implications.J Ren 2019; 29: 55-64Abstract level normal aged 75 years.13Spence Urquhart B.L. Bang Effect atherosclerosis: partially mediated homocysteine.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31: 937-944Crossref This important implications: Patients impaired function, elderly, should limit avoid yolk. Thanks, doubt, inexplicably successful propaganda industry,14Greger Eggs cholesterol: patently false misleading claims.http://nutritionfacts.org/video/eggs-and-cholesterol-patently-false-and-misleading-claims/2013Date accessed: May 20, 2015Google Scholar, 15Barnard N.D. Long M.B. Ferguson J.M. Flores Kahleova Industry funding research: systematic review.Am Lifestyle 15: 165-172Crossref (6) 16Nestle Food nutrition relevance history current debates.JAMA Intern 176: 1685-1686Crossref (48) most public, well physicians, idea how harmful is. reviewed 2021.5Spence Table compares monstrosity, Hardee's Monster Thickburger. Two large contain cholesterol, precursor, monster burger, contains 4 days' worth Over year, contents eggs week would equivalent 200 extra meat!Table 1Egg Thickburger: precursorsCholesterol contentTMAO precursor2 yolks∗Jumbo (75 g) eggs.474 mg320 mg phosphatidylcholineHardee's Thickburger†12 ounces beef, 3 slices cheese, bacon.265 carnitineTMAO, N-oxide.∗ Jumbo eggs.† 12 bacon. Open table new tab N-oxide. Hazen's group switching white meatless meals within month.17Wang Z. Bergeron N. Levison B.S. al.Impact chronic nonmeat metabolism excretion women.Eur 40: 583-594Crossref (0) Egg substitutes No Fat Creations, Just Egg, Better'n Eggs, others can used make tasty omelets, frittatas, salad sandwiches, dishes. (Recipes available author request.) Like they frequently disease. Persons yolk, helpful wishing their Their undoubtedly I thank Dr David Fitchett pointing me comparison outlined 1. sources declare.

Language: Английский

Citations

0