From biomass to biocrude: Innovations in hydrothermal liquefaction and upgrading

Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 118093 - 118093

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

It is crucial to find sustainable and renewable fuel sources because traditional fossil fuels are running out pollution levels rising. In this context, biocrude derived from biomass emerges as a promising alternative, with hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) playing pivotal role in transformation. HTL's versatility converting wide range of or waste materials into especially notable. Therefore, comprehensive review focused on the latest advancements HTL technology, including its potential process various materials, resulting high yields (up 60–86% different types). The study explored such effects catalysts processes, scalability for commercializing continuous aqueous phase recycling. also integration machine learning optimization, offering insights how these advanced computational techniques can enhance efficiency output quality. subsequent hydrotreatment emerge key technologies utilizing source. This not only highlights current state refining upgrading but stresses need ongoing development domains. presented transformative solution energy sector, alternative while tackling impurities heteroatoms management challenges. concluded by underscoring practical implications advancements, suggesting roadmap future research field.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Abstract Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) recycling is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact of PVC wastes, which take decades to decompose in landfills. This review examines current state processes, focusing on challenges and future research opportunities. It explores types sources including post‐consumer, industrial, construction wastes. Conventional methods such as mechanical, thermal, chemical are discussed, highlighting their advantages, limitations, successful applications. Furthermore, recent advances recycling, biological, plasma‐assisted, solvent‐based explored, considering potential benefits challenges. The emphasizes European context region has implemented regulatory initiatives collaborations. points out Circular Economy Action Plan directives targeting waste management, have promoted established a supportive framework. Challenges technologies, low yield high energy consumption, identified. calls development efficient cost‐effective along with improvements infrastructure consumer awareness. Assessing economic impacts, significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions conserves resources compared virgin production. include job creation reduced raw material costs.

Language: Английский

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Clarifying European terminology in plastics recycling

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 100871 - 100871

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The increasing activities in plastics recycling have led to a sprawl of terminology describing different technologies and technology categorizations. This creates not only linguistic confusion, but also makes it difficult for regulators, investors, corporate leaders other stakeholders fully understand the relationship between technologies, potentially leading suboptimal decisions on policy, investment, or collaboration. To bring clarity this topic, manuscript provides an overview (i) circular pathways plastics, with focus recycling, (ii) most common categorization (iii) what is considered 'recycling' by European Commission (iv) some alternative terms used grey academic literature describe technologies.

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal carbonization of plastic waste: A review of its potential in alternative energy applications

Fuel Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100103 - 100103

Published: Dec. 17, 2023

The significant rise in plastic consumption and waste generation, coupled with the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions, has led to innovative research seeking convert into valuable resources. This review focuses on application of hydrothermal carbonization as a promising technique transforming products. It highlights suitability conversion, presents recent reports showing results, prospects, range potential hydrochar applications, including solid recovered fuels, catalysts, direct carbon fuel cells supercapacitors. further challenges utilizing across different which include feedstock variability, contamination, scalability, material properties, environmental considerations. optimized synthesis methods, stable performance, long-term sustainability is also emphasized. critical evaluation applications can contribute advancing management renewable production.

Language: Английский

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Wind turbine blade recycling: A review of the recovery and high-value utilization of decommissioned wind turbine blades

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 107813 - 107813

Published: July 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Hydrothermal liquefaction: Exploring biomass/plastic synergies and pathways for enhanced biofuel production

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 969, P. 178909 - 178909

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identifying gaps in practical use of epoxy foam/aerogels: review - solutions and prospects

Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract Epoxy foam/aerogel materials (EP-AGs) have potential in the aerospace, construction, and energy industries, allowing development of lightweight high-performance products for a wide range applications. Research interest developing EP-AGs is increasing as it has to create greener more sustainable making various products. Several commercial applications techniques creating, processing, drying them already been reported. The introduction into value-added one most promising options but suffers from lack knowledge about relationships between microstructure properties. current obstacles their use industrial sector challenges related factory scale-up are also taken account. hindered by critical gaps applicational processing complexity, such scaling up laboratory large-scale production, optimizing synthesis techniques, standardized testing protocols. review focuses on complexities further difficulties associated with improve casting burdens, cost-effectiveness, accessibility This examines synthesizing used make special materials, practices, technological barriers would face.

Language: Английский

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Depolymerization of Household Plastic Waste via Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(17), P. 13202 - 13217

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

An unprecedented use of plastics has caused many environmental issues, and as usual, there is a growing interest in recycling reusing single-use household plastics. In this work, mixture five prominent plastic polymers, simulated waste, was depolymerized via the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process using pretreated red mud catalyst (RM) for liquid product at 430 ± 20 °C reaction temperature an average 2 h residence time. The selected were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density (HDPE), low-density (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), which blended ratio 42, 20, 4, 14 wt %, respectively, to form (PM) waste. Additionally, each type treated individually control experiments. Among single plastics, HDPE generated maximum crude oil yield 76 whereas PET produced mainly solid (80 %) gaseous products. production from noncatalytic reactions followed trend: > PS PP LDPE. possessed 36–92 % gasoline-range compounds. Without catalyst, decomposed into straight-chain alkanes, PP- PS-derived products consisted cyclic PM HTL 23 PET. Though decreased by 5–60%, it reduced viscosity 20–80%, minimized acidity 14–57%, increased low boiling (gasoline range) 5–80%. RM 63%, output 10%, improved energy recovery 4.7%, promoted aromatization PM-derived crudes 11.4%, gasoline range compounds 18.3%. recycled without significant change yield. This study can help mitigating issues with fuel production.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable chemical recycling of waste plastics into olefins through low-pressure hydrothermal liquefaction and microwave pyrolysis: Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment

Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 317, P. 118861 - 118861

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on Thermochemical Recycling of End-of-Life Plastic Wastes to Alternative Fuels

Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(13), P. 4563 - 4563

Published: June 24, 2023

Due to its resistance natural degradation and decomposition, plastic debris perseveres in the environment for centuries. As a lucrative material packing industries consumer products, plastics have become one of major components municipal solid waste today. The recycling is becoming difficult due lack resource recovery facilities efficient technologies separate from mixed streams. This has made oceans hotspot dispersion accumulation residues beyond landfills. article reviews sources, geographical occurrence, characteristics recyclability different types waste. presents comprehensive summary promising thermochemical technologies, such as pyrolysis, liquefaction gasification, conversion single-use wastes clean fuels. operating principles, drivers barriers plastic-to-fuel via pyrolysis (non-catalytic, catalytic, microwave plasma), well are thoroughly discussed. Thermochemical co-processing with other organic biomass produce high-quality fuel energy products also elaborated upon. Through this state-of-the-art review, it suggested that, by investing research development most pragmatic issues today, i.e., management, can be sustainably addressed greater worldwide impact.

Language: Английский

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