Metabolic changes in aging humans: current evidence and therapeutic strategies

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132(16)

Published: Aug. 14, 2022

Aging and metabolism are inextricably linked, many age-related changes in body composition, including increased central adiposity sarcopenia, have underpinnings fundamental aging processes. These further exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle can be part prevented maintenance of activity with aging. Here we explore the seen individual metabolic tissues - adipose, muscle, liver as well globally older adults. We also discuss available evidence for therapeutic interventions such caloric restriction, resistance training, senolytic senomorphic drugs to maintain healthy aging, focusing on data from human studies.

Language: Английский

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Targeting immune dysfunction in aging

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 101410 - 101410

Published: July 17, 2021

Human aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that affects numerous organ systems and cellular processes, with the immune system being one of most dysregulated. Immunosenescence, gradual deterioration system, inflammaging, chronic inflammatory state persists in elderly, are among plethora changes occur during aging. Almost all populations cells change age terms numbers and/or activity. These alterations general highly detrimental, resulting an increased susceptibility to infections, reduced healing abilities, altered homeostasis promote emergence age-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, other associated inflammation. Thanks recent developments, several strategies have been proposed target central immunological processes or specific subpopulations affected by therapeutic approaches could soon be applied clinic slow down even reverse age-induced order rejuvenate prevent reduce impact various diseases. Due its systemic nature interconnection body, attractive for intervention because relatively targeted modifications small set potential improve health multiple systems. Therefore, anti-aging targeting therapies represent potent approach improving healthspan. Here, we review major components summarize current immune-targeting context discuss future directions field rejuvenation.

Language: Английский

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Acetyl-CoA metabolism in cancer

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 156 - 172

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Few metabolites can claim a more central and versatile role in cell metabolism than acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Acetyl-CoA is produced during nutrient catabolism to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle essential building block for fatty isoprenoid biosynthesis. It also functions as signalling metabolite substrate lysine acetylation reactions, enabling modulation of protein response acetyl-CoA availability. Recent years have seen exciting advances our understanding normal physiology cancer, buoyed by new mouse models, vivo stable-isotope tracing approaches improved methods measuring acetyl-CoA, including specific subcellular compartments. Efforts target metabolic enzymes are advancing, with one therapeutic agent targeting synthesis receiving approval from US Food Drug Administration. In this Review, we give an overview regulation cancer relevance major pathways which participates. We further discuss recent tissues tumours potential these therapeutically. conclude commentary on emerging nodes that may impact biology.

Language: Английский

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Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: May 2, 2023

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on backbones amino acid side chains proteins and expand diversity proteins, which provides basis for emergence organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types protein modifications, such as most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain long-chain acylation redox irreversible have been described, inventory is still increasing. By changing conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter phenotypes biological processes cells. The homeostasis important human health. Abnormal may cause changes in properties loss functions, are closely related occurrence development various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, functions health addition, therapeutic prospects diseases by targeting associated enzymes also summarized. This work will deepen understanding promote discovery diagnostic prognostic markers drug targets

Language: Английский

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Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 754 - 777

Published: May 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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