Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 12, 2023

Abstract Bile acids (BA) are important physiological molecules not only mediating nutrients absorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but exerting neuromodulation effect the central nerve system (CNS). The catabolism of cholesterol to BA occurs predominantly liver by classical alternative pathways, or brain initiated neuronal-specific enzyme CYP46A1 mediated pathway. Circulating could cross blood barrier (BBB) reach CNS through passive diffusion transporters. Brain might trigger direct signal activating membrane nucleus receptors affecting activation neurotransmitter receptors. Peripheral may also provide indirect via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) dependent fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) pathway takeda G protein coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) Under pathological conditions, alterations metabolites have been discovered as potential pathogenic contributors multiple neurological disorders. Attractively, hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), especially tauroursodeoxycholic (TUDCA) can exert neuroprotective roles attenuating neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative endoplasmic reticulum stress, which provides promising therapeutic effects for treatment diseases. This review summarizes recent findings highlighting metabolism, crosstalk between periphery, functions elucidate role signaling under both conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Short chain fatty acids: the messengers from down below

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: July 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the metabolism of dietary fibers in gut, have wide-ranging effects locally and throughout body. They modulate enteric central nervous systems, benefit anti-inflammatory pathways, serve as energy sources. Recent research reveals SCFAs crucial communicators between gut brain, forming gut-brain axis. This perspective highlights key findings discusses signaling mechanisms connecting to brain. By shedding light on this link, aims inspire innovative rapidly developing field.

Language: Английский

---

Liraglutide restores impaired associative learning in individuals with obesity

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 1352 - 1363

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Survival under selective pressure is driven by the ability of our brain to use sensory information advantage control physiological needs. To that end, neural circuits receive and integrate external environmental cues internal metabolic signals form learned associations, consequently motivating adapting behaviour. The dopaminergic midbrain plays a crucial role in learning adaptive behaviour particularly sensitive peripheral signals, including intestinal peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In single-blinded, randomized, controlled, crossover basic human functional magnetic resonance imaging study relying on computational model process underlying behavioural responses, we show reduced when sensing impaired obesity, indexed insulin sensitivity (participants: N = 30 with normal sensitivity; 24 sensitivity). Treatment GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide normalizes associations men women obesity. Collectively, findings reveal activation modulates associative people obesity via its central effects within mesoaccumbens pathway. These provide evidence for how can act neuromodulators adapt body's state agonists work clinics.

Language: Английский

---

Current perspectives on microglia-neuron communication in the central nervous system: Direct and indirect modes of interaction

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 251 - 265

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

The incessant communication that takes place between microglia and neurons is essential the development, maintenance, pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS). As mobile phagocytic cells, serve a critical role in surveilling scavenging neuronal milieu to uphold homeostasis.

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focus on the gut-brain axis

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84(1), P. 1 - 15

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---