Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapies and future perspectives in drug delivery

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 363, P. 415 - 434

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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NAFLD: An Emerging Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 255 - 265

Published: July 11, 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic worldwide that poses a significant threat to human health. Cardiovascular (CVD) leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes. However, whether causal factor for remains matter debate. This review summarizes evidence from prospective clinical Mendelian randomization studies underscore potential relationship between CVD. The mechanisms contributing development necessity addressing while managing practice are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Vascular complications of diabetes: A narrative review

Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(40), P. e35285 - e35285

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and various complications. According to the different pathophysiological mechanisms, these complications can be classified as microvascular or macrovascular complications, which have long-term negative effects on vital organs such eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, lead increased patient mortality. major global health issue, its incidence prevalence significantly in recent years. Moreover, expected continue rise more people adopt Western lifestyle diet. Thus, it essential understand epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, treatment of vascular aid patients managing effectively. This paper provides comprehensive review literature clarify above content. Furthermore, this also delves into correlation between novel long noncoding RNAs, gut microbiota, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, with diabetic

Language: Английский

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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1323 - 1323

Published: March 8, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity greatest risk factor for lipid hepatocytes, but part patient population has normal body weight according BMI index. Obese people or without have higher incidence small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), those suffering from show increased permeability, including more frequent presence intestine (SIBO). health consequences SIBO are primarily malabsorption (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates proteins) bile salt deconjugation. Undetected untreated may lead nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing function (e.g., folic acid choline deficiency). However, whether contributes dysfunction, decreased barrier integrity, inflammation, endotoxemia translocation not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis discuss critical points, novel insights role nutrition, lifestyle, pre- probiotics, medication supplements therapy prevention both NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Exerkines and cardiometabolic benefits of exercise: from bench to clinic

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 432 - 444

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract Regular exercise has both immediate and long-lasting benefits on cardiometabolic health, been recommended as a cornerstone of treatment in the management diabetes cardiovascular conditions. Exerkines, which are defined humoral factors responsive to acute or chronic exercise, have emerged important players conferring some multiple exercise. Over past decades, hundreds exerkines released from skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue, brain, gut identified, several (such FGF21, IL-6, adiponectin) exploited therapeutically mimetics for various metabolic diseases. Recent advances metagenomics led identification microbiota, so-called “hidden” organ, an additional class determining efficacy prevention, cardiac protection, performance. Furthermore, multiomics-based studies shown feasibility using baseline exerkine signatures predict individual responses with respect cardiorespiratory health. This review aims explore molecular pathways whereby networks mediate adaptations by fine-tuning inter-organ crosstalk, discuss roadmaps translating exerkine-based discovery into therapeutic application personalized medicine disease.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and extrahepatic gastrointestinal cancers

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 156014 - 156014

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Prophylactic treatment with Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum counteracts hepatic NK cell immune tolerance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for development nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota believed to affect hepatic immune constitution. Here, we aimed investigate immunological state in NASH, with a specific emphasis on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, identify contributing species that target provide new directions support feasibility immunotherapy NASH. A possible NASH population was determined by combination long-term severe fatty liver, metabolic disorders increased serum CK18 detect factors microbiota. induced mice fed high-fat diet verify prophylactic effect functional immunopathology immunologic examined, effector functions NK cells were detected. transcriptome, proteomic, fecal metagenome performed. We observed statistical increase IL-10 (p < 0.001) non-statistical decrease interferon-γ IL-6 population, hinting at possibility tolerance. Fecal Bacteroides uniformis Bifidobacterium bifidum abundant healthy but depleted patients. mice, CD8+T cells, macrophages, dendritic 0.01), inhibited, which identified decreased granzyme B 0.05). improved pathological cues, reduced macrophages also restored cell function, as CD107a Transcriptional translational profiling revealed might restore function through multiple pathways, such reduction inhibitory molecules are novel prophylactics impaired

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Crosstalk between Liver and Brain: From Diseases to Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7621 - 7621

Published: July 11, 2024

Multiple organs and tissues coordinate to respond dietary environmental challenges. It is interorgan crosstalk that contributes systemic metabolic homeostasis. The liver brain, as key organs, have their unique dialogue transmit messages. interconnected pathogenesis of brain implicated in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Recent insights positioned the not only a central hub but also an endocrine organ, capable secreting hepatokines signals throughout body via bloodstream. Metabolites from or gut microbiota facilitate complex between brain. In parallel humoral factors, neural pathways, particularly hypothalamic nuclei autonomic nervous system, are pivotal modulating bilateral interplay cerebral hepatic compartments. term “liver–brain axis” vividly portrays this interaction. At end review, we summarize cutting-edge technical advancements enabled observation manipulation these signals, including genetic engineering, molecular tracing, delivery technologies. These innovations paving way for deeper understanding liver–brain axis its role

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia in MASLD—Eat to Beat Steatosis, Move to Prove Strength

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 178 - 178

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The connections between sarcopenia and various chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), liver disease have been highlighted recently. There is also a high occurrence of in dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) patients, who are often disregarded. Both experimental clinical findings suggest complex, bidirectional relationship MASLD sarcopenia. While vitamin D, testosterone, specific drug therapies show promise mitigating sarcopenia, consensus on effective treatments lacking. Recent focus lifestyle interventions emphasizes dietary therapy exercise for sarcopenic obesity MASLD. Challenges arise as weight loss, primary treatment, may lead to muscle mass reduction. therapeutic approach morbidly obese patients includes bariatric surgery (BS). BS induces loss stabilizes imbalances, but its impact nuanced, underscoring the need further research. Our aim provide comprehensive review interplay offer insight into most recent challenges discoveries, overlooked or unrecognized poses significant managing these patients.

Language: Английский

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Fucoidan ameliorates lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and NF-κB-mediated inflammation by regulating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in a free fatty acid-induced NAFLD spheroid model

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic worldwide. Previous studies have reported that fucoidan can relieve obesity and hepatic steatosis in vivo, although molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore effect potential of NAFLD using free acid (FFA)-induced spheroid model. The spheroids were constructed by fusing HepG2 LX-2 cells. Spheroids cells stimulated with FFAs fucoidan, then intracellular lipid contents oxidative stress levels (ROS/MDA/GSH/GR/GPx/NQO1/GCLC/HO-1) detected. Furthermore, regulation PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway expression inflammatory factors (TNF-α IL-6) measured. Fucoidan markedly reduced FFA-induced accumulation Notably, relieved reducing ROS MDA, elevating GSH, GR, GPx. activating signaling inhibiting ROS-induced P65 NF-κB activation responses via Nrf2 activation. Our results demonstrated ameliorated accumulation, stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammation through model NAFLD. These provided new evidence for clinical use treatment its action.

Language: Английский

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