Pre-fertilization-origin preservation of brown fat-mediated energy expenditure in humans

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Lipid‐Associated Macrophage Accrual in Metabolically Stressed Adipose Tissue

BioEssays, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

ABSTRACT Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome, is triggered by overburdened adipocytes sending out immune cell recruitment signals during obesity development. An AT landscape persistent throughout weight loss and regain constitutes an immune‐obesogenic memory that hinders long‐term management. Lipid‐associated macrophages (LAMs) are emerging as major players in diseased, inflamed tissues may be key contributors to obesogenic AT. Our previous study found LAM abundance increases with via intermittent fasting (IF) obese mice, which driven adipocyte p53 signalling. However, specific causing accumulation under IF remain unknown. In this piece, we hypothesise on range adipocyte‐secreted can harbor immune‐attractive features upon fasting/refeeding cycles. We highlight possible mechanisms including death signalling, matrikines, other damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), well adipo(‐cyto)kines, lipid mediators, metabolites, extracellular vesicles, epigenetic rewiring. Finally, consider how advances gleaned from preclinical models might translatable management humans. Thus, provide vantage points driving monocyte recruitment, polarisation towards LAMs, retention, harness therapeutic potential modulating levels impacting disease.

Language: Английский

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Punicalagin inhibits excessive autophagy and improves cerebral function in neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischemia brain injury by regulating Akt-FOXO4

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 156330 - 156330

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has a high incidence and mortality rate, representing significant patient burden. Therefore, treatment strategies that work synergistically with hypothermic therapies are urgently required. Punicalagin (PUN) is natural safe polyphenol anti-inflammatory functions whose excellent water solubility safety make it an advantageous perinatal medication. However, its underlying mechanisms of action in HIE remain unclear. This study investigated the role associated mechanism PUN HIE. We used Rice Vannucci method to construct vivo model rats, from which we extracted primary cortical neurons vitro oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. The were using transcriptome sequencing, laser speckle contrast imaging, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-staining, Morris maze test, western blotting, qPCR, immunofluorescence, histochemistry. rats demonstrated excessive autophagy inflammation. reduced brain tissue damage neuronal apoptosis, improved cerebral blood flow perfusion, learning, cognitive abilities. attenuated autophagic overexpression following inhibited AKT-FOXO4 (forkhead box O4) signaling pathway. neuroprotective effects by AKT pathway inhibitor 3-MA. Furthermore, was ineffective siFOXO4 rats. significantly reduces infarction, neuroinflammation, caused HIE, thereby exerting short- long-term effects. Mechanistically, effect mediated activation may be potential therapy for

Language: Английский

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5G Radiofrequency Exposure Reduces PRDM16 and C/EBP β mRNA Expression, Two Key Biomarkers for Brown Adipogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2792 - 2792

Published: March 20, 2025

The widespread use of wireless technologies has raised public health concerns about the biological effects radiofrequency (RF) exposure. Children have a higher specific absorption rate (SAR) radiation energy compared to adults. Furthermore, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is more prevalent in infants and tends decrease with age. Previous animal studies demonstrated cold sensation rats exposed 900 MHz (second generation, 2G). UCP1-dependent thermogenesis BAT hyperplasia are two fundamental adaptive mechanisms initiated response cold. This study investigated impact short-term exposure 2G fifth generation (5G) on key thermogenic adipogenic markers related these while considering age duration. Juvenile young adult Wistar were randomized into three subgroups: 5G group (3.5 GHz), (900 MHz), control (SHAM). They their respective continuous-wave RF signals for 1 or 2 weeks at an intensity 1.5 V/m, sessions h per day. After period, RT-qPCR was carried out evaluate genetic involved adipogenesis. Two biomarkers affected; fold change reduction 49% 32% detected PRDM16 (p = 0.016) C/EBP β 0.0002), respectively, after exposure, regardless No significant effect found transcriptional level. These findings suggest that may partially disrupt adipocyte differentiation function by downregulating β, possibly leading sensitivity.

Language: Английский

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Thermogenesis and Energy Metabolism in Brown Adipose Tissue in Animals Experiencing Cold Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3233 - 3233

Published: March 31, 2025

Cold exposure is a regulatory biological functions in animals. The interaction of thermogenesis and energy metabolism brown adipose tissue (BAT) important for metabolic regulation cold stress. Brown adipocytes (BAs) produce uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mitochondria, activating non-shivering (NST) by fuel combustion from ATP production response to stimuli. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying BAT under stress, we explored how triggers activation regulates overall metabolism. First, briefly outline precursor composition function BA. Second, explore roles cAMP- kinase A (PKA) adenosine monophosphate-activated (AMPK) signaling pathways BA during Then, analyze mechanism which mitochondria homeostasis balance This research reveals potential therapeutic targets, such as PKA, AMPK, UCP1 PGC-1α, can be used develop innovative strategies treating diseases. Furthermore, it provides theoretical support optimizing stress strategies, including pharmacological genetic modulation thermogenic pathways, improve livestock.

Language: Английский

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SM22α-Lineage Perivascular Stromal Cells Contribute to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2025

BACKGROUND: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a key regulator of vascular dysfunction. Impairment PVAT phenotypic plasticity with aging may play role in pathology including abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Yet, the mechanisms underlying aneurysm pathogenesis remain elusive. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on perivascular stromal cells from young (2- to 3-month-old) and aged (18- 20-month-old) mice. The expression PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) measured mice human samples. Loss- gain-of-function approaches were used investigate SM22α-lineage cell–derived development. Molecular explored through transcriptome functional studies mice, SM22α Cre ; Rosa26 RFP/+ PGC1α f/f Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt-induced AAA models. RESULTS: + accumulated II–treated patients aneurysms. analysis revealed that disrupted differentiation potential led reduced levels. downregulation observed both mouse models lesions. In SM22α-driven deletion, II–induced formation accompanied by cell-to-myofibroblast differentiation. vitro knockdown suppressed nuclear YAP (Yes-associated protein) signaling, reducing adipocyte differentiation, while increasing MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2)-secreting myofibroblasts. Furthermore, overexpression or administration signaling inhibitor verteporfin restored function conferred protection against formation. Last, we radiomics noninvasively evaluate context severity humans. CONCLUSIONS: deficiency disrupts balance between adipogenic myofibrogenic regulating ultimately promoting Radiomics assessment present promising noninvasive approach for evaluation aneurysms, offering valuable clinical research.

Language: Английский

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Adipose thermogenic mechanisms by cold, exercise and intermittent fasting: Similarities, disparities and the application in treatment

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(9), P. 2043 - 2056

Published: July 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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SOX4 facilitates brown fat development and maintenance through EBF2-mediated thermogenic gene program in mice

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Abstract Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is critical for non-shivering thermogenesis making it a promising therapeutic strategy to combat obesity and metabolic disease. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying brown fat formation remain incompletely understood. Here, we found SOX4 required BAT development thermogenic program. Depletion of in progenitors ( Sox4-MKO ) or adipocytes Sox4-BKO resulted whitened hypothermia upon acute cold exposure. The reduced capacity mice increases their susceptibility diet-induced obesity. Conversely, overexpression enhances counteracting Mechanistically, activates transcription EBF2, which determines fate. Moreover, phosphorylation at S235 by PKA facilitates its nuclear translocation EBF2 transcription. Further, cooperates with activate transcriptional programs governing gene expression. These results demonstrate that serves as an upstream regulator providing valuable insights into function maintenance.

Language: Английский

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Detection and Characterization of Multidimensional Information of Adipocyte Model Based on AFM‐Raman

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 24, 2024

ABSTRACT Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to metabolic disorders, and the excessive differentiation preadipocytes into adipocytes is one contributing factors obesity. The browning has been regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. To analyze origins potential solutions for obesity from fundamental perspective, we employed atomic force microscopy, Raman confocal microscopy investigate characterize multidimensional information regarding process 3 T3‐L1 preadipocyte models their subsequent beige adipocytes. results indicated that during mature adipocytes, there was an increase in cell height, decrease length, transformation shape fibroblast‐like morphology spherical form. Additionally, Young's modulus, stiffness, adhesion decreased throughout this process. Following browning, cells maintained but exhibited reduced height compared adipocytes; lipid droplet decomposition resulted increased surface roughness. spectroscopy studies revealed lacked specific peaks; however, they differentiated peak signals transitioned weak sharp. After occurred, became sparse dispersed. Furthermore, by calibrating temperature standard curves based on water molecule hydrogen‐oxygen stretching bands, it found possess thermogenic capabilities. Based Segment Anything Model segmentation color clustering 3D K‐Means point cloud analysis: White adipocyte droplets aggregated with deeper coloration post‐staining appearing duller; conversely, appeared lighter brighter more clusters present within cloud. In summary, study provides novel method detection characterization through interdisciplinary approach combining cellular biology physical chemistry.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Dlat-Trpv3 pathway by hyperforin elicits non-canonical promotion of adipose thermogenesis as an effective anti-obesity strategy

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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