Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 294 - 294
Published: March 11, 2025
As
the
final
product
of
glycolysis,
lactate
serves
as
an
energy
substrate,
metabolite,
and
signaling
molecule
in
various
diseases
mediates
lactylation,
epigenetic
modification
that
occurs
under
both
physiological
pathological
conditions.
Lactylation
is
a
crucial
mechanism
by
which
exerts
its
functions,
participating
vital
biological
activities
such
glycolysis-related
cellular
macrophage
polarization,
nervous
system
regulation.
links
metabolic
regulation
to
central
(CNS)
diseases,
traumatic
brain
injury,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
acute
ischemic
stroke,
schizophrenia,
revealing
diverse
functions
lactylation
CNS.
In
future,
further
exploration
lactylation-associated
enzymes
proteins
needed
develop
specific
inhibitors
or
activators,
could
provide
new
tools
strategies
for
treatment
CNS
diseases.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 1787 - 1821
Published: Jan. 2, 2025
Lactate
is
an
indispensable
substance
in
various
cellular
physiological
functions
and
plays
regulatory
roles
different
aspects
of
energy
metabolism
signal
transduction.
Lactylation
(Kla),
a
key
pathway
through
which
lactate
exerts
its
functions,
has
been
identified
as
novel
posttranslational
modification
(PTM).
Research
indicates
that
Kla
essential
balancing
mechanism
variety
organisms
involved
many
biological
processes
pathways.
closely
related
to
disease
development
represents
potential
important
new
drug
target.
In
line
with
existing
reports,
we
searched
for
newly
discovered
sites
on
histone
nonhistone
proteins;
reviewed
the
mechanisms
(particularly
focusing
enzymes
directly
reversible
regulation
Kla,
including
"writers"
(modifying
enzymes),
"readers"
(modification-binding
"erasers"
(demodifying
enzymes);
summarized
crosstalk
between
PTMs
help
researchers
better
understand
widespread
distribution
diverse
functions.
Furthermore,
considering
"double-edged
sword"
role
both
pathological
contexts,
this
review
highlights
"beneficial"
states
(energy
metabolism,
inflammatory
responses,
cell
fate
determination,
development,
etc.)
"detrimental"
pathogenic
or
inducive
effects
processes,
particularly
malignant
tumors
complex
nontumor
diseases.
We
also
clarify
molecular
health
disease,
discuss
feasibility
therapeutic
Finally,
describe
detection
technologies
their
applications
diagnosis
clinical
settings,
aiming
provide
insights
treatment
diseases
accelerate
translation
from
laboratory
research
practice.
ABSTRACT
Aim
Given
that
electroacupuncture
(EA)
pretreatment
inhibits
lactate
production
and
lactate‐derived
lysine
lactation
(Kla)
aggravates
ischemic
brain
injury,
we
aimed
to
investigate
whether
the
formation
of
Kla
protein
is
involved
in
EA
alleviate
injury.
Methods
was
performed
on
Baihui
acupoint
(GV20)
male
C57BL/6J
mice
before
receiving
permanent
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(pMCAO)
surgery.
Western
blot
immunofluorescent
staining
were
used
observe
neuronal
survival,
astrocyte
activation,
levels,
levels
brains
assayed
with
a
commercial
kit.
TTC
neurological
function
scores
are
evaluate
damage
mice.
Results
We
found
increased
content
significantly
decreased
tissue
after
pretreatment,
accompanied
by
reduction
activation
injury
death.
Meantime,
effective
reversing
worsening
caused
supplementation.
However,
did
not
further
reduce
ameliorate
stroke
inhibition
glycolysis.
Conclusion
Our
study
reveals
reduced
inhibiting
its
derived
stroke.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Ischemic
stroke
(IS),
a
leading
cause
of
disability
and
mortality
worldwide,
remains
significant
challenge
due
to
its
complex
pathogenesis.
Glycolysis,
central
metabolic
pathway,
plays
critical
role
in
bridging
the
gap
between
dysfunction
neurological
impairment.
During
ischemic
conditions,
glycolysis
replaces
oxidative
phosphorylation
as
primary
energy
source
for
brain
tissue.
However,
ischemia–reperfusion
state,
neuronal
cells
show
particular
reliance
on
aerobic
glycolysis.
Immune
cells,
such
monocytes,
also
contribute
atheromatous
plaque
formation
thrombi
through
increased
Given
glycolysis’s
involvement
various
pathological
stages
IS,
it
offers
potential
improved
diagnosis,
treatment,
prevention.
This
review
comprehensively
explores
different
phases
addresses
existing
controversies,
discusses
diagnostic
therapeutic
applications.
By
elucidating
intricate
relationship
this
aims
provide
novel
insights
future
research
clinical
advancements.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Introduction
Blood
proteomics
offers
a
powerful
approach
for
identifying
disease-specific
biomarkers.
However,
no
reliable
blood
markers
are
currently
available
the
diagnosis
stroke.
Nervonic
acid
(NA),
vital
long-chain
monounsaturated
fatty
found
in
mammalian
nervous
tissue,
shows
promising
therapeutic
potential
neurological
disorders.
This
study
aimed
to
develop
methodology
whole
identify
early
warning
biomarkers
and
evaluate
drug
treatment
efficacy.
Methods
After
modeling
via
classic
thread
embolization
method,
samples
were
collected
from
rats.
Morphological
assessments
of
brain
tissue
indicated
that
NA
significantly
mitigated
neuronal
damage
The
differential
protein
expression
profile
was
analyzed
using
Liquid
Chromatography—Tandem
Mass
Spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
proteomics.
Results
ZZZGene
Ontology
(GO)
analysis
revealed
that,
compared
ginkgo
biloba
extract
(EGb),
proteins
differentially
expressed
under
intervention
predominantly
involved
oxidative
stress
response
calcium-dependent
adhesion
processes.
Key
targets
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(MCAO)
models
included
ENO1,
STAT3,
NME2,
VCL,
CCT3.
Discussion
proteomic
provides
comprehensive
understanding
profiles
associated
with
disease
states,
offering
valuable
insights
into
enabling
evaluation
EGb
Our
findings
underscore
protective
effects
against
ischemia-reperfusion
injury
highlight
its
as
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Abstract
Whilst
there
has
been
much
focus
on
the
function
of
neuronally
expressed
members
muscarinic
acetylcholine
receptor
family
(mAChR)
less
attention
paid
to
expression
profile
and
role
five
this
(M
1
-M
5
mAChRs)
in
non-neuronal
cells
brain.
Using
genetically
engineered
mice
we
identify
a
previously
unappreciated
sub-population
astrocytes
expressing
M
4
mAChR
subtype.
These
are
located
various
brain
regions
that
include
brainstem,
hypothalamus
and,
most
abundantly,
cerebellum.
Signalling
proteomic
analysis
positive
from
cerebellum
established
functional
subtype
its
regulation
protein
expression.
Genetic
ablation
revealed
specific
locomotion
behaviour.
Importantly,
context
murine
prion
disease,
model
terminal
neurodegeneration
associated
with
profound
neuroinflammation,
observed
significant
expansion
report
experiments
astrocyte
detrimental
effect
late-stage
disease.
Together
provide
evidence
play
normal
neurophysiology
progression
inflammatory
neurodegenerative
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Background
Lactate’s
perception
of
lactate
has
changed
over
the
last
30
years
from
a
straightforward
metabolic
byproduct
to
complex
chemical
with
important
biological
activities,
such
as
signal
transduction,
gluconeogenesis,
and
mitochondrial
respiration.
In
addition
its
contributions,
far-reaching
repercussions.
This
review
highlights
role
in
course
cancer
by
highlighting
lactylation
unique
epigenetic
alteration.
The
purpose
this
is
clarify
functions
biology
tumors,
particular
focus
on
translational
potential
pathways
diagnosis
treatment
approaches.
Methods
summarizes
research
relationship
between
cancer,
an
emphasis
histone
lactylation,
effect
gene
expression,
influence
tumor
microenvironment.
By
establishing
connection
byproducts
regulation,
we
investigated
how
affects
immune
inflammation,
cellular
repair.
Findings
Histone
or
lysine
residues
proteins,
increases
transcriptional
activity
facilitates
expression
genes
involved
homeostasis
These
findings
have
implications
for
treatment.
Lactylation,
example,
activates
Arg1,
which
hallmark
M2
macrophage
phenotype
implicated
immunosuppression
growth.
ability
dynamically
alter
further
supported
function
deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor
impact
acetylation.
Its
wide-ranging
involvement
metabolism
control
been
demonstrated
discovery
sites
histones
various
cell
types,
including
cells.
