Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 51 - 60

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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An Updated Review on Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2318 - 2318

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most explored categories nanomaterials for new and improved biomaterials biotechnologies, with impressive use in pharmaceutical cosmetic industry, anti-infective therapy wound care, food textile industry. Their extensive versatile applicability relies on genuine easy-tunable properties nanosilver, including remarkable physicochemical behavior, exceptional antimicrobial efficiency, anti-inflammatory action antitumor activity. Besides commercially available clinically safe AgNPs-based products, a substantial number recent studies assessed nanosilver as therapeutic agents augmented alternative strategies cancer therapy, sensing diagnosis platforms, restorative regenerative biomaterials. Given beneficial interactions AgNPs living structures their nontoxic effects healthy human cells, they an accurate candidate various biomedical products. In present review, important applications products biomedicine are considered.

Language: Английский

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Initial antimicrobial management of sepsis

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Abstract Sepsis is a common consequence of infection, associated with mortality rate > 25%. Although community-acquired sepsis more common, hospital-acquired infection lethal. The most site the lung, followed by abdominal catheter-associated blood steam and urinary tract infection. Gram-negative than gram-positive but can also be due to fungal viral pathogens. To reduce mortality, it necessary give immediate, empiric, broad-spectrum therapy those severe and/or shock, this approach drive antimicrobial overuse resistance should accompanied commitment de-escalation stewardship. Biomarkers such procalcitonin provide decision support for antibiotic use, may identify patients low likelihood in some settings, guide duration therapy. involve drug-resistant pathogens, often necessitates consideration newer agents.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of an early oral switch in low-risk Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SABATO): an international, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 523 - 534

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Passive microfluidic devices for cell separation

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 108317 - 108317

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections

Inflammation and Regeneration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It the most common causative agent skin and soft tissue infections, can also various other including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well life-threatening such sepsis infective endocarditis. The pathogen asymptomatically colonize skin, nasal cavity, intestine. S. colonizes approximately 20–30% nostrils, being an opportunistic for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via contact makes it difficult eradicate S . A major concern with its capacity develop antibiotic resistance adapt diverse environmental conditions. variability in accessory gene regulator (Agr) region genome contributes spectrum phenotypes within population, enhancing likelihood survival different environments. Agr functions central quorum sensing (QS) system , allowing bacteria adjust expression response population density. Depending on expression, secretes toxins, contributing virulence infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing may be disadvantageous certain situations, hospitals, causing generate mutants responsible healthcare settings. Main body This review aims demonstrate molecular mechanisms governing ranging from harmless colonizer organism capable infecting organs. Emphasis will placed QS role orchestrating behavior across contexts. Short conclusion pathophysiology infection substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected give comprehensive understanding overall profile

Language: Английский

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Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 101859 - 101859

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial resistance prevalence in bloodstream infection in 29 European countries by age and sex: An observational study

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1004301 - e1004301

Published: March 14, 2024

Background Antibiotic usage, contact with high transmission healthcare settings as well changes in immune system function all vary by a patient’s age and sex. Yet, most analyses of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ignore demographic indicators provide only country-level prevalence values. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap quantifying how incidence bloodstream infection (BSI) varied sex across bacteria antibiotics Europe. Methods findings We used patient-level data collected part routine surveillance between 2015 2019 on BSIs 29 European countries from the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). A total 6,862,577 susceptibility results isolates age, sex, spatial information 944,520 individuals were characterise patterns for 38 different bacterial species antibiotic combinations, 47% these females, similar distribution both sexes (mean 66 years old). 349,448 metadata calculate incidence. fit Bayesian multilevel regression models country, laboratory code, year sample quantify resistant estimates country-, bacteria-, drug-family effect variation. explore our greater depths 2 clinically important bacteria–antibiotic combinations (aminopenicillin Escherichia coli methicillin Staphylococcus aureus ) present simplifying indicative index difference predicted old (aged 100) young 1). At level, we find distinct age. Trends often more within an family, such fluroquinolones, than species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Clear increases methicillin-resistant (MRSA) contrast peak several at approximately 30 P For there was u-shaped pattern which higher males. An exception E , elevated females ages 15 40. country-level, subnational differences account large amount variation (approximately 38%), are range functional forms associations prevalence. MRSA, trends mostly positive, 72% ( n = 21) seeing increased males aged 1 100 change compares aminopenicillin negative (males: 93% 27) see decreased those years) smaller females. ranged up 0.51 (median, 95% quantile model simulated using posterior parameter ranges 0.48, 0.55 males) MRSA one country but 0.16 (95% 0.12, 0.21 females) −0.27 −0.4, −0.15 individual Limitations include potential bias due nature dependency structure. Conclusions In study, found that Europe varies substantially over patient shedding new light gaps understanding AMR epidemiology. Future work is needed determine drivers order effectively target stewardship interventions.

Language: Английский

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Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections in Norway in 2002–17: a nationwide, longitudinal, microbial population genomic study

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(7), P. e331 - e341

Published: May 11, 2021

The clonal diversity underpinning trends in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the contribution of individual clones resistance over time, using large-scale genomics-based molecular epidemiology.This was a longitudinal, E population, genomic, cohort study that sampled isolates from 22 512 included Norwegian surveillance programme on microbes (NORM) 2002 2017. 15 laboratories were able share their isolates, and first 22·5% each year requested. used whole genome sequencing infer population structure (PopPUNK), we investigated clade composition dominant complex (CC)131 genetic markers previously reported for sequence type (ST)131, effective size (BEAST), presence determinants antimicrobial (ARIBA, PointFinder, ResFinder databases) time. compared these features between 2002-10 2011-17 time periods. also our results with those longitudinal UK done 2001 2011.Of 3500 requested participating laboratories, 3397 (97·1%) received, which 3254 (95·8%) successfully sequenced analysis. A significant increase number CC131 71 (5·6%) 1277 207 (10·5%) 1977 (p<0·0001), largest expansion. most common clone extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive (75 [58·6%] 128) fluoroquinolone non-susceptible (148 [39·2%] 378). Within CC131, increased prevalence 2002, whereas global C2 not observed until 2007. Multiple de-novo acquisitions both blaCTX-M ESBL-encoding genes clades C1 gain phenotypic non-susceptibility across phylogeny observed. estimated exponential increases sizes A, C1, occurred mid-2000s, B decade earlier. rate (Ne=3147) nearly ten-times (Ne=345), over-represented [27·0%] 278) (8 [5·4%] 147 isolates).The early sustained establishment predominantly susceptible relative suggests is necessary success. However, even low antibiotic use setting Norway, important classes has rapidly been selected isolates. This shows importance genomic uncovering ecology underlying dissemination competition, have implications design strategies interventions control spread high-risk clones.Trond Mohn Foundation, European Research Council, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Wellcome Trust.

Language: Английский

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Clinical validation of a multiplex droplet digital PCR for diagnosing suspected bloodstream infections in ICU practice: a promising diagnostic tool

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has emerged as a promising tool of pathogen detection in bloodstream infections (BSIs) critical care medicine. However, different ddPCR platforms have variable sensitivity and specificity for diverse microorganisms at various infection sites. There is still lack prospective clinical studies aimed validating interpreting the discrepant results diagnosing BSI intensive unit (ICU) practice.A diagnostic study multiplex panels was conducted general ICU from May 21, 2021, to December 22, 2021. Paired blood cultures (BCs) ddPCRs (2.5 h) were obtained synchronously detect 12 most common pathogens three antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Firstly, performance compared definite BSI. Secondly, validation composite diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive negative predictive values calculated. Thirdly, rate AMR genes related analysis presented.A total 438 episodes suspected BSIs occurring 150 patients enrolled. BC targeted bacteria 40 (9.1%) 180 (41.1%) cases, respectively. 280 concordant 158 discordant. In comparison with BCs, ranged 58.8 86.7% an aggregate 72.5% species, corresponding ranging 73.5 92.2% 63.1%. Furthermore, ddPCR+/BC- 33.6% (147/438) 87.1% (128 147) cases associated probable (n = 108) or possible 20) BSIs. When clinically diagnosed used true positive, final increased 84.9% 92.5%, addition, blaKPC, 3blaNDM, 38 mecA detected, among which 90.5% definitely blaKPC. Further, 65.8% specimens predicted be mecA-positive Staphylococcus sp. according all microbiological analysis.The multiplexed flexible universal platform, can add-on complementary conventional BC. combined evidence, shows potential advantages rapidly practice.

Language: Английский

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