Pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 with tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld) in 63 rituximab-treated patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis: two-year follow-up results DOI Creative Commons
Т. V. Beketova, N. О. Levina,

Yu. A. Uskova

et al.

Rheumatology Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(5), P. 465 - 473

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (AAV) are at risk of severe COVID-19. At the same time, in immunocompromised patients, particular those receiving anti-B cell therapy rituximab (RTX), post-vaccination effect may be insufficient. Since 2022 long-acting virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAB) tixagevimab and cilgavimab (Evushheld, AZD7442) have been used as pre-exposure prophylaxis for The aim study is to evaluate effectiveness (TC) COVID-19 its safety RTX treated patients AAV. Materials methods . prospective included 63 AAV RTX. Median age 53 (19– 79) years, M:F 1:1.1. From March June 2023, TC was administered a total dose 300 mg and/or 600 mg. Observation continued until April 2024. In November 2023 2024 telephone online survey conducted simultaneously identify confirmed cases adverse reactions. also Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire version 9 (TSQM-9). Considering duration (6 months), were divided into two groups depending on interval after last administration TC: up 6 months inclusive – group 1; more than 2. Results During two-year follow-up period, detected 31.7% median between development 5.5 [2–19] months. 1, which 12 COVID-19, 92% had mild form disease, only one lung damage, there no fatal outcomes. 2, cessation accompanied by damage 89% cases, required hospitalization 78%, patients. Four prolonged course persistence SARS-CoV-2 (pCOVID, persistent COVID). 4 including 3 pCOVID, treatment carried out combined antiviral drug nirmarelvir + ritonavir (Skyvira) combination intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVIG) effect. There statistically significant differences incidence secondary immunodeficiency without it (p=0.868). final stage study, serum level IgG examined 34 70.4 (0.33–1086.1) binding antibody units (BAU), indicates lack neutralizing most patients; statistical their (p=0.685). No reactions directly related use observed. A high TSQM-9 global satisfaction domain noted 71.4 (14.3–100); 72,4% respondents answered “satisfied”– “extremely satisfied” first question (effectiveness domain). Conclusions Pre-exposure using RTM safe allowed reduce avoid deaths during period action. After TC, an increase frequency need observed, pCOVID noted. Skyvira IVIG effective all cases. MAB other rheumatic diseases requires further in-depth study.

Language: Английский

Chronic Systemic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Without Respiratory Involvement in an Immunocompromised Patient DOI Creative Commons
Francisco Tejerina, Daniel Peñas-Utrilla,

Marta Herránz

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 147 - 147

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

In a patient on immunosuppressant treatment, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was documented in different extra-respiratory samples over several months the absence of positive determinations upper respiratory samples. Whole-genome sequencing these showed acquisition single-nucleotide polymorphisms time, suggesting viral evolution and thus viability.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein activates NOX2-p66SHC axis via inhibiting SLAMF8 to promote thrombogenesis DOI Creative Commons
Quan Liu,

Xizi Luo,

Nan Liu

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract COVID-19 associated coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis are life-threatening complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the underlying mechanisms unclear. Here, we found that spike (S) protein induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, disrupting mitochondrial dynamics causing endothelial cells damage, thereby promoting thrombogenesis. Mechanistically, S inhibited expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 8 (SLAMF8) to induce an upregulation NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) p66SHC phosphorylation. This NOX2-p66SHC axis resulted in a persistent elevation ROS disorder, ultimately leading injury. infection also promoted transformation into prothrombotic phenotype by inhibiting SLAMF8. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing analysis revealed negative correlation between SLAMF8 thrombotic activity patients. Notably, overexpression reversed protein-mediated increase blood flow obstruction platelet aggregation observed mice with ferric chloride-induced thrombosis. These findings suggest distinct mechanism pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2-associated thrombosis, providing novel perspectives strategies for prevention, management treatment individuals or long COVID.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Caroline Hirsch, Nina Kreuzberger, Nicole Skoetz

et al.

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Abstract Background Persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID-19) in immunocompromised patients is characterized by unspecific symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates due to ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. Treatment options remain unclear, leading different approaches, including combination therapy extended durations. The purpose of this study was assess the efficacy safety antiviral therapies for pCOVID-19 since Omicron surge. Methods We searched MEDLINE Scopus from 1 January 2022 6 August 2024 cohort studies case series on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, ensitrelvir molnupiravir. Evidence certainty rated using Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation outcomes viral clearance, recurrence/relapse, mortality, adverse events (AEs) symptom resolution. Results Thirteen involving 127 cases were included. very low. In with at least two direct agents, clearance 79%, a 16% recurrence rate. All-cause mortality 9%, 6% while SARS-CoV-2 positive. 47 cases, AEs reported 11%. Symptom resolution ranged 3 days studies. one agent passive immunization, 89%, an 11% rate no deaths. four documented observed. monotherapy, 100%, 15% One death, unrelated SARS-CoV-2, occurred. 12 Conclusions Based low evidence, combining immunization resulted high rates few recurrences. occurred treated antivirals. Controlled are needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evaluation of Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Isolates and Comparison of Mutational Spectrum of Variants in Bangladesh DOI Creative Commons
Abeda Sultana, Laila Anjuman Banu,

Mahmud Hossain

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 182 - 182

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

The SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, COVID-19, remains a worldwide public health concern due to its high rate of transmission, even in vaccinated and previously infected people. In the endemic state, it continues cause significant pathology. To elu- cidate viral mutational changes screen emergence new variants concern, we conducted this study Bangladesh. RNA genomes extracted from 25 ran- domly collected samples COVID-19-positive patients March 2021 February 2022 were sequenced using Illumina COVID Seq protocol genomic data processing, as well evaluations performed DRAGEN Lineage software. study, percentage Delta, Omicron, Mauritius identified 88%, 8%, 4%, respectively. All had 23,403 A>G (D614G, S gene), 3037 C>T (nsp3), 14,408 (nsp12) mutations, where was responsible for increased transmis- sion. Omicron highest number unique mutations spike protein (i.e., sub- stitutions, deletions, insertions), which may explain higher transmissibility immune-evading ability than Delta. A total 779 identified, 691 substitutions, 85 3 insertion observed. sum up, our will enrich database SARS-CoV-2, aiding treatment strategies along with understanding virus’s preferences both mutation type site predicting newly emerged viruses’ survival thus preparing coun- teract them.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Navigating Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Immunocompromised Populations DOI
Majd Alsoubani, Jennifer Chow

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Fresh frozen plasma for neutralizing SARS-CoV-2: “An exploratory cross-sectional study and review of the state of the art” DOI

Marcial Delgado‐Fernández,

Juan Diego Ruíz-Mesa,

Almudena Rojas-González

et al.

Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Early combined therapy for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a promising approach against viral persistence and drug resistance DOI Creative Commons
Salvatore Rotundo, Francesca Serapide,

Lavinia Berardelli

et al.

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 28, 2025

Immunocompromised (IC) patients face significant challenges in managing COVID-19 due to their heightened susceptibility severe illness, persistent infections, and the potential development of drug resistance. Studies indicate that IC patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies (HM), hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTR), or solid organ (SOTR), experience higher mortality rates worse outcomes compared general population, even post-vaccination. The persistence virus these combined its rapid mutation, further complicates treatment. Recent evidence supports use neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) as a more effective approach viral clearance, reducing mortality, preventing relapses. However, rise resistant variants, especially mAbs, concerns about safety prolonged intensive therapies pose ongoing challenges. Monotherapies often fail short address issues, highlighting need for early therapy (ECT) mAbs DAAs. ECT has shown promise individuals by targeting multiple stages lifecycle, load, clearing infections at earlier stages, which helps mitigate risks disease Continued research is essential refine treatment protocols, evolves. Although studies are needed, current findings suggest may become standard care severely offering better clinical hindering persistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
‘Persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients – Israeli society of infectious diseases consensus statement on diagnosis and management’ – Author’s reply DOI
Suzy Meijer, Yael Paran,

Ana Belkin

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1211 - 1212

Published: May 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Re: Persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients—Israeli Society of Infectious Diseases consensus statement on diagnosis and management by Meijer et al. DOI
Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Ivan Gentile

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(9), P. 1209 - 1210

Published: May 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Hyperimmune Globulins in COVID-19 DOI
‪Yasmin Maor‬‏, Oren Zimhony

Current topics in microbiology and immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2