Environmental Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 31
Published: Feb. 22, 2025
Antibiotic
contamination
in
aquatic
environments
is
a
growing
concern,
posing
risks
to
public
health
and
ecosystems.
To
address
this
issue,
advanced
materials
like
graphene
oxide
(GO)
chitosan-based
hydrogels
are
being
extensively
explored
for
their
ability
effectively
remove
antibiotics
from
wastewater,
owing
distinct
characteristics
synergistic
benefits.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
the
synthesis,
characterization,
applications
of
GO/chitosan
addressing
antibiotic
pollution.
The
synthesis
methods,
including
solution
casting,
crosslinking,
situ
polymerization,
discussed
simplicity
scalability.
hydrogels'
key
properties,
such
as
porosity,
surface
area,
mechanical
strength,
essential
efficient
adsorption
capabilities.
Adsorption
mechanisms,
electrostatic
interactions,
π-π
stacking,
hydrogen
bonding,
functional
groups,
enable
these
achieve
high
capacities.
Notable
examples
include
rGO@ZIF-67@CS
hydrogels,
which
achieved
higher
capacities
1685.26
mg·g−1
tetracycline
at
pH
4
1890.32
norfloxacin
5,
while
sulfonated
CMC/GO-GCC
composite
hydrogel
312.28
sulfamethoxazole
298
K.
Moreover,
efficiencies
90.42%
with
GO–CTS
97.06%
were
using
AGO–CTS
diclofenac
adsorption.
also
highlights
practical
wastewater
treatment,
comparing
performance
other
adsorbents
challenges
scalability
regeneration.
Finally,
explores
future
research
directions
enhance
effectiveness
sustainability
emphasizing
potential
scalable,
eco-friendly
solutions
removal
water.
Water Environment Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
97(3)
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract
Traditionally,
the
removal
of
nitrogenous
pollutants
from
wastewater
relied
on
conventional
anaerobic
denitrification
as
well
aerobic
nitrification
and
anoxic
denitrification.
However,
is
complicated
since
it
requires
stringent
environmental
conditions
a
large
land,
therefore,
were
performed
in
two
separate
reactors.
Although
high
pollutant
efficiency
has
been
achieved
via
denitrification,
demerits
this
approach
include
operational
costs.
Other
traditional
nitrogen
methods
air
stripping,
reverse
osmosis,
adsorption,
ion
exchange,
chemical
precipitation,
advanced
oxidation
process,
breakpoint
chlorination.
Traditional
are
not
only
but
they
also
uneconomical
due
to
Researchers
have
discovered
that
can
be
carried
out
by
heterotrophic
nitrification‐aerobic
(HNAD)
microorganisms
which
remove
single
reactor
does
require
operating
conditions.
Despite
significant
effort
researchers
put
in,
there
still
little
information
known
about
mechanisms
antibiotic
during
HNAD.
This
review
begins
with
an
update
current
state
knowledge
antibiotics
The
HNAD
examined
detail.
Followed
by,
enhancement
co‐metabolism
sulfamethoxazole
(SMX)
response
microbial
communities
toxicity.
Lastly,
favorable
for
biodegradation
examined.
findings
show
SMX
main
mechanisms,
pathways
proposed
discussion.
research
indicated
potential
wastewater.
Understanding
helps
engineers
apply
technology
more
efficiently.
Practitioner
Points
Co‐metabolism
mechanisms.
Pathways
proposed.
Conditions
