Active exploration and working memory synaptic plasticity shapes goal-directed behavior in curiosity-driven learning

Cognitive Systems Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101339 - 101339

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A review on exploration–exploitation trade-off in psychiatric disorders

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 26, 2025

Balancing exploration and exploitation is a crucial aspect of adaptive decision-making, but psychiatric disorders can disrupt this balance in various ways, shedding light on their neurocognitive roots guiding targeted interventions. In systematic review, we aimed to delineate potential exploration-exploitation impairments across disorders. Through thorough search PubMed, identified forty-six relevant studies employing tasks probing balances, which synthesized reveal distinct patterns. These are clustered into three categories: addictive patterns, emotional/cognitive disturbances, neurological (neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative) Our findings show that anxiety mood often enhance exploratory behaviors, while depression impact decision stability reward sensitivity. contrast, schizophrenia, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) characterized by excessive switching difficulties balancing exploitation, leading impaired learning adaptability. Additionally, with addictive-like features optimal decision-making strategies either heightening or causing maladaptive persistence, thus skewing the away from effective decision-making. Individuals exhibiting addiction-like compulsive behaviors demonstrate imbalances explore-exploit trade-off, resulting suboptimal reduced exploration, flawed foraging strategies, impulsive perseverative choices despite adverse outcomes. This suggests such may originate dysfunctional processes applied sum, different patterns understanding making neuropsychiatric stem dysregulated processes, where uncertainty plays central role. Dysfunctions dopaminergic noradrenergic pathways appear brain's representation uncertainty, thereby altering behavior. varying critical for challenges associated conditions.

Language: Английский

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Understanding explore-exploit dynamics in child development: current insights and future directions

Frontiers in Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

Examining children's decisions to explore or exploit the environment provides a window into their developing metacognition and reflection capacities. Reinforcement learning, characterized by balance between exploring new options (exploration) utilizing known ones (exploitation), is central this discussion. Children initially exhibit broad intensive exploration, which gradually shifts toward exploitation as they grow. We review major theories empirical findings, highlighting two main exploration strategies: random directed. The former involves stochastic choices without considering information rewards, while latter driven reducing uncertainty for gain. Behavioral tasks such n-armed bandit, horizon, patch foraging are used study these strategies. Findings on bandit horizon showed mixed results whether decreases over time. Directed consistently with age, but its emergence depends task difficulty. In patch-foraging tasks, adults tend overexploit (staying too long in one patch) children overexplore (leaving early), whereas adolescents display most optimal balance. paper also addresses open questions regarding mechanisms supporting early application of strategies real-life contexts like persistence. Future research should further investigate relation cognitive control, executive function metacognition, explore-exploit strategies, examine practical implications adaptive learning decision-making children.

Language: Английский

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Individual differences in sequential decision-making

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 5, 2025

1People differ widely in how they make decisions uncertain environments. While many studies leverage this variability to measure differences specific cognitive processes and parameters, the key dimension(s) of individual decision-making tasks has not been identified. Here, we analyzed behavioral data from 1001 participants performing a restless three-armed bandit task, where reward probabilities fluctuated unpredictably over time. Using novel analytical approach that controlled for stochasticity tasks, identified dominant nonlinear axis variability. We found primary was strongly selectively correlated with probability exploration, as inferred by latent state modeling. This suggests major factor shaping task performance is tendency explore (versus exploit), rather than personality characteristics, reinforcement learning model or low-level strategies. Certain demographic characteristics also predicted variance along principle axis: at exploratory end tended be younger exploitative end, self-identified men were overrepresented both extremes. Together, these findings offer principled framework understanding behavior while highlighting factors shape under uncertainty.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Dissonance Equilibrium: Local Product Stigma in the "Filosofi Pete" Ad Narrative Flow

MediaTor (Jurnal Komunikasi), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 187 - 200

Published: June 29, 2024

Following the 1998 reform in Indonesia, advertising has undergone significant expansion, leveraging enhanced communication accessibility and media proliferation to shape public perceptions of promoted goods. Presently, channels are inundated with commercial campaigns showcasing both domestic international products. Within this landscape, Tokopedia, a key player e-commerce sector, employs diverse platforms such as YouTube engage consumers amid intensifying market rivalry. This study delves into Tokopedia's approach via "Filosofi Pete" advertisement, exploring its endeavors combat stereotypes surrounding local Drawing parallels between goods petai culturally stigmatized item research highlights heightened stigma globalization, where foreign products often enjoy elevated prestige perceived quality standards. Through lens cognitive dissonance theory Todorov's narrative analysis, analysis reveals strategic framework aimed at reshaping towards By dissecting advertisement's storyline, structure, visual elements, unveils nuanced tactics for challenging entrenched biases. compelling storytelling imagery, Tokopedia reframe discourse around products, fostering more favorable consumer outlook. sheds light on intricate interplay strategies, cultural perceptions, behavior, offering insights how brands navigate evolving dynamics carve out competitive edge.

Language: Английский

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