Black Soldier Fly Larvae Adapt to Different Food Substrates through Morphological and Functional Responses of the Midgut

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(14), P. 4955 - 4955

Published: July 13, 2020

Modulation of nutrient digestion and absorption is one the post-ingestion mechanisms that guarantees best exploitation food resources, even when they are nutritionally poor or unbalanced, plays a pivotal role in generalist feeders, which experience an extreme variability diet composition. Among insects, larvae black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, can grow on wide range feeding substrates with different content, suggesting set motion processes to match their nutritional requirements. In present study we address this issue by investigating how BSF larval midgut adapts diets content. Two rearing were compared: balanced for dipteran mimics fruit vegetable waste. Our data show growth performance only moderately affected diet, while differences activity digestive enzymes, cell morphology, accumulation long-term storage molecules be observed, indicating diet-dependent adaptation ensure substrates. Midgut transcriptome analysis reared two showed genes important functions differentially expressed, confirming adaptability organ.

Language: Английский

---

How Nutrients Mediate the Impacts of Global Change on Locust Outbreaks

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 527 - 550

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Locusts are grasshoppers that can migrate en masse and devastate food security. Plant nutrient content is a key variable influencing population dynamics, but the relationship not straightforward. For an herbivore, plant quality depends only on balance of nutrients antinutrients in tissues, which influenced by land use climate change, also nutritional state demands as well its capacity to extract from host plants. In contrast concept positive between nitrogen or protein concentration herbivore performance, five-decade review lab field studies indicates equating N misleading because respond negatively neutrally increasing just often they positively. locusts specifically, low-N environments actually beneficial supply high energy rates support migration. Therefore, intensive use, such continuous grazing cropping, elevated ambient CO 2 levels decrease protein:carbohydrate ratios plants predicted broadly promote locust outbreaks.

Language: Английский

---

Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood

Current Zoology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 437 - 446

Published: May 21, 2019

Abstract Animals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nutrient regulation is complicated by the fact few individuals, foragers, must address divergent nutritional needs all colony members simultaneously, including other workers, reproductives, and brood. Here we used 3D geometry design examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection 3 major macronutrients in presence absence We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) pollens (solid varying compositions proteins, lipids, carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colonies given a choice between nutritionally complementary diets self-selected foods reach target ratio 71% 6% carbohydrates, 23% irrespective When confined single imbalanced solid diet, without brood regulated lipid over-collected protein relative this ratio, whereas with both collection. This effect on suggests levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight importance considering bee nutrition as multidimensional phenomenon better assess effects environmental impoverishment malnutrition population declines.

Language: Английский

---

How do insects choose flowers? A review of multi‐attribute flower choice and decoy effects in flower‐visiting insects

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(12), P. 2750 - 2762

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Understanding why animals (including humans) choose one thing over another is of the key questions underlying fields behavioural ecology, economics and psychology. Most traditional studies food choice in focus on simple, single-attribute decision tasks. However, wild are often faced with multi-attribute tasks where options set vary across multiple dimensions. Multi-attribute decision-making particularly relevant for flower-visiting insects deciding between flowers that may differ reward attributes such as sugar concentration, nectar volume pollen composition well non-rewarding colour, symmetry odour. How do deal complex tasks? Here we review synthesise research strategies used by when making decisions. In particular, how different types foraging frameworks (classic optimal theory, nutritional heuristics) conceptualise discuss phenomena innate preferences, flower constancy context dependence influence our understanding choice. We find a process can be influenced constancy, economic value. argue to understand predict insects, need move beyond simplified sets towards view which integrates role includes preferences dependence. further caution experiments consider possibility design interpretation preference experiments. conclude discussion outstanding future research. also present conceptual framework incorporates dimensions behaviour.

Language: Английский

---

Nutritional plasticity of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in response to artificial diets varying in protein and carbohydrate concentrations

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 51 - 62

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) concentrations present in food affect larval performance, body nutrient concentration, fecundity of the black soldier fly (BSF). We substantially expanded range dietary P- C-concentrations investigated thus far to assess effects nutritionally – unbalanced diets on BSF adult life-history traits, protein lipid concentrations. Twenty five artificial varying their C-concentration ratio were formulated. tested macronutrient (P+C) (5, 15, 25, 50 75%) P:C ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1 4:1). performance was affected by P+C-concentration rather than ratios. A P-concentration between 10 15% a 60% supported high performance. is limiting for most variables, however, higher 37% reduced survival. egg production more strongly P-concentration. Overall, at P+C values 25 50%, 1:2 1:4 resulted highest variables we measured. For sources tested, significantly different ways. These results show remarkable degree nutritional plasticity, point relevance differentiating formulation achieve maximal yield, or accumulation emergence production.

Language: Английский

---

The other insect societies: overview and new directions

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 40 - 49

Published: May 7, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of larval host plant species on dispersal traits and free-flight energetics of adult butterflies

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: May 16, 2022

Abstract Animals derive resources from their diet and allocate them to organismal functions such as growth, maintenance, reproduction, dispersal. How variation in quality can affect resource allocation life-history traits, particular those important locomotion dispersal, is poorly understood. We hypothesize that, particularly for specialist herbivore insects that are co-evolutionary arms races with host plants, changes plant will impact performance. From coevolutionary arms-race a complex migratory life history, Monarch butterflies among the most iconic insect species worldwide. Population declines initiated international conservation efforts involving replanting of variety milkweed species. However, this practice was implemented little regard how diverse defensive chemistry milkweeds experienced by monarch larvae may adult fitness traits. report flight muscle investment, energetics, maintenance costs depend on larvae, correlate concentration milkweed-derived cardenolides sequestered adults. Our findings indicate monarchs affecting fuel requirements flight.

Language: Английский

---

Ant Foragers Compensate for the Nutritional Deficiencies in the Colony

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 135 - 142.e4

Published: Dec. 12, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Expanding Paleoindian Diet Breadth: Paleoethnobotany of Connley Cave 5, Oregon, USA

American Antiquity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 87(2), P. 303 - 332

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Paleoethnobotanical perspectives are essential for understanding past lifeways yet continue to be underrepresented in Paleoindian research. We present new archaeobotanical and radiocarbon data from combustion features within stratified cultural components at Connley Caves, Oregon, that reaffirm the inclusion of plants diet groups. Botanical remains three Cave 5 show people foraged diverse dryland taxa a narrow range wetland during summer fall months. These add known Pleistocene food economy support idea groups equipped with Western Stemmed Tradition toolkits had broad, flexible diets. When viewed continentally, this work contributes growing body research indicating regionally adapted subsistence strategies were place by least Younger Dryas some foragers Far West may have incorporated wider including small seeds, leafy greens, fruits, cacti, geophytes into their earlier than did elsewhere North America. The increasing appearance seemingly low-ranked resources emerging plant-food suggests need explore variety nutritional variables explain certain aspects early foraging behavior.

Language: Английский

---

Adaptive divergence in diets between the sexes in a tropical snake (Stegonotus australis, Colubridae)

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Males and females within a population may differ in dietary composition either as non-adaptive consequence of sexual dimorphism, or because specific food types enhance fitness more one sex than the other. To test between those two explanations, we can ask whether consumption type (a) is constrained by sexually dimorphic traits such body size, (b) differentially benefits that consumes frequently. A 23-year field study Slatey-Grey Snakes (Stegonotus australis) tropical Australia provided data on 663 meals, which 130 were reptile eggs (primarily from Keelback (Tropidonophis mairii)). Over same range snake SVLs, consumed often female male (25.8 versus 15.2% records), but was independent size. Female not common active males during nesting periods, they likely to be captured vicinity oviposition sites males. In years with higher availability eggs, had clutch sizes masses (plausibly reflecting nutritional eating provision eggs). combination, our results suggest an adaptive basis sex-based divergence Snakes.

Language: Английский

---