The seven grand challenges in arachnid science

Frontiers in Arachnid Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

This perspective identifies the grand challenges in arachnid science: 1. Grasp species diversity. There is a need to accelerate taxonomic research obtain sense of diversity, however, at same time, taxonomy needs increase its quality, rigor, and repeatability. 2. Standardize systematics research. A solid phylogenetic definition morphological diagnosis Arachnida composing subgroups, usually treated rank order, are needed. Studies should aim stabilize standardize efforts all levels hierarchy, systematists adopt criteria for higher level ranks classification. 3. Interpret trait evolution through omics approaches. Among field’s define genetic diversity encoding diverse traits, including developmental, ecological characteristics, biomaterials such as silks, venoms, digestive fluids, or allergens bioproducts that cause diseases. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics will provide empirical basis biotechnology modify genomes fit numerous applications. 4. Facilitate biotechnological applications molecules biomaterials. field potential from therapeutics industry. New natural biodegradable products, e.g. spider ease our burden on ecosystems. 5. Utilize arachnids models biogeographic Biodiversity inventory sampling analytical techniques be extended spiders other groups. Spiders their webs could used environmental DNA samplers, measuring monitoring ecosystems’ overall biodiversity. Arachnids excellent address biogeographical questions global local scales. 6. Disentangle evolutionary drivers more precise evaluation what extent emergence phenotypes shaped by classical selection processes, under conditions, if any, sexual conflict invoked. 7. Define effective conservation measures light changes. Effective arachnology integrate data physiology, ecology, biogeography, change biology.

Language: Английский

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Differences in male calling song and female mate location behaviour between urban and rural crickets

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139(3), P. 275 - 285

Published: June 9, 2023

Abstract Traffic noise is one of the selection pressures urban habitats. Because interferes with acoustic communication, many studies have shown that temporal structures signals change depending on noise. However, it often unknown whether changes are adaptive, such as being more easily located by females under noisy conditions. To investigate phenomena, bend-legged ground crickets (Dianemobius nigrofasciatus) were collected from three and rural habitats reared in a common garden Male calling songs female mate location behaviour progeny measured. Urban males emitted song higher dominant frequency shorter chirp than did males. The playback experiment response localization to males, controlling for noise, showed there no significant effects between Although elicited faster females, effect was limited. These results indicate not adaptive terms choice. quickly suggest mating occur

Language: Английский

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The Sensory Ecology of Speciation

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. a041428 - a041428

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Denise Dalbosco Dell'Aglio1,2,4, David F. Rivas-Sánchez1,4, Daniel Shane Wright3,4, Richard M. Merrill2,3,5 and Stephen H. Montgomery1,2,5 1School of Biological Science, University Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom 2Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa 0843-03092, Panama 3Faculty Biology, Division Evolutionary LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Correspondence: denise.ddd3{at}gmail.com; gb20421{at}bristol.ac.uk; dswright{at}bio.lmu.de ↵4 Joint first authors who contributed equally. ↵5 second/senior

Language: Английский

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Vibrational noise disrupts Nezara viridula communication, irrespective of spectral overlap

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Abstract Insects rely on substrate vibrations in numerous intra- and interspecific interactions. Yet, our knowledge of noise impact this modality lags behind that audition, limiting understanding how anthropogenic affects insect communities. Auditory research has linked impaired signal perception (i.e., masking) to spectral overlap. We investigated the with different compositions vibrational communication stink bug Nezara viridula , examining courtship behaviour representation by sensory neurons. found negative effects regardless overlap, challenging common expectations. Noise ability males recognize female localise its source: overlapping decreased sensitivity receptor neurons disrupted frequency encoding phase-locking units, while non-overlapping only affected encoding. Modelling neuronal spike triggering interference-induced alterations waveform. These also time delays between arrivals legs, crucial for localisation. Our study thus unveils a new masking mechanism, potentially unique vibrosensory systems. The findings highlight higher vulnerability vibration-mediated noise, implications interactions natural anthropogenically altered environments.

Language: Английский

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A multidimensional framework to quantify the effects of urbanization on avian breeding fitness

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Urbanization has dramatically altered Earth's landscapes and changed a multitude of environmental factors. This resulted in intense land‐use change, adverse consequences such as the urban heat island effect (UHI), noise pollution, artificial light at night (ALAN). However, there is lack research on combined effects these factors life‐history traits fitness, how interactions shape food resources drive patterns species persistence. Here, we systematically reviewed literature created comprehensive framework mechanistic pathways by which urbanization affects fitness thus favors certain species. We found that urbanization‐induced changes vegetation, habitat quality, spring temperature, resource availability, acoustic environment, nighttime light, behaviors (e.g., laying, foraging, communicating) influence breeding choices, optimal time windows reduce phenological mismatch, success. Insectivorous omnivorous are especially sensitive to temperature often experience advanced laying smaller clutch sizes areas. By contrast, some granivorous little difference size number fledglings because areas make it easier access anthropogenic avoid predation. Furthermore, interactive change UHI could be synergistic locations where loss fragmentation greatest when extreme‐hot weather events take place instances, may mitigate impact local scales provide suitable conditions shifting environment more favorable for species' thermal limits extending window available As result, determined five broad directions further highlight provides great opportunity study filtering processes population dynamics.

Language: Английский

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VibePy: An open‐source tool for conducting high‐fidelity vibrational playback experiments

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172(12), P. 1176 - 1183

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Abstract Many insect species communicate about activities central to their survival and reproduction via vibrational signals (i.e., waves that travel through solid substrates). One widely used effective approach for testing hypotheses communication is the playback experiment, in which stimuli are played focal organisms responses documented. Recent technological advances efforts by researchers have diversified hardware options available use such experiments, but proprietary software still needed high‐fidelity playbacks. Here, we present an open‐source tool, VibePy, (1) measures compensates undesired filtering (2) calibrates amplitude. Because licenses impose economic barriers can limit access research, developed VibePy language Python. The functions provided a stepping stone toward increasing vibration research. tool open‐source, hope will be expanded upon others community of studying behavior.

Language: Английский

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Causes of Concern: The Main Threats to Insects

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Evolutionary Importance of Intraspecific Variation in Sexual Communication Across Sensory Modalities

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 21 - 40

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

The evolution of sexual communication is critically important in the diversity arthropods, which are declining at a fast pace worldwide. Their environments rapidly changing, with increasing chemical, acoustic, and light pollution. To predict how arthropod species will respond to changing climates, habitats, communities, we need understand systems can evolve. In past decades, intraspecific variation signals responses across different modalities has been identified, but never comparative way. this review, identify compare level extent three modalities, visual, focusing mostly on insects. By comparing causes possible consequences among these shared unique patterns, as well knowledge needed arthropods world.

Language: Английский

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Consistent traffic noise impacts few fitness-related traits in a field cricket

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Abstract Background Anthropogenic habitat change is occurring rapidly, and organisms can respond through within-generation responses that improve the match between their phenotype novel conditions they encounter. But, plastic be adaptive or maladaptive are most likely to only when contemporary reasonably mimic something experienced historically which a response has already evolved. Noise pollution ubiquitous anthropogenic stressor accompanies expanding urbanization. We tested whether amplitude of traffic noise influences suite fitness-related traits (e.g. survival, life history, reproductive investment, immunity) depends on stage at (juvenile adult). Our treatments by animals living in urban roadside environments with variable vehicle types, but continuous movement traffic. used Pacific field cricket, an acoustically communicating insect was previously shown experience some negative behavioral history very loud, noise, as model system. Results After exposing crickets one four levels (silence, 50dBA, 60dBA, 70dBA commonly natural environment) during development, adulthood, both, we measured comprehensive fifteen traits. found survival adulthood lower under than silence, number live offspring hatched depended interaction female’s juvenile adult exposure noise. Both these suggest our were indeed stressor. However, no evidence positive fitness effects other thirteen Conclusions results that, contrast previous work relatively constant, plasticity may sufficient buffer many and/or able habituate conditions, regardless amplitude. highlights importance understanding how particular characteristics influence biological provides insight into commensal thrive human-dominated habitats.

Language: Английский

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Noise pollution alters the diet composition of invertebrate consumers both in and beyond a noise‐exposed grassland ecosystem

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Abstract Anthropogenic noise is ubiquitous globally. However, we know little about how the impacts of alter fundamental ecosystem properties, such as resource consumption by invertebrate consumers. Using experimental manipulation and faecal DNA metabarcoding, assessed direct cross‐trophic indirect effects altered dietary richness specializations omnivorous grasshoppers in a grassland ecosystem. We found that treatment expanded grasshoppers' resulted generalizations both noise‐exposed adjacent relatively quieter areas. Unexpectedly, however, these changes were primarily explained effect not only areas but also relaxed reduced birds predation risk increased grasshoppers. Our work suggests pollution can be key explaining variation consumers' diets across gradient environments.

Language: Английский

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