Recent advances in insect thermoregulation

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(18)

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Ambient temperature (Ta) is a critical abiotic factor for insects that cannot maintain constant body (Tb). Interestingly, Ta varies during the day, between seasons and habitats; must constantly cope with these variations to avoid reaching deleterious effects of thermal stress. To minimize risks, have evolved set physiological behavioral thermoregulatory processes as well molecular responses allow them survive perform under various conditions. These strategies range from actively seeking an adequate environment, cooling down through evaporation fluids synthesizing heat shock proteins prevent damage at cellular level after exposure. In contrast, endothermy may insect fight parasitic infections, fly within large facilitate nest defense. Since May (1979), Casey (1988) Heinrich (1993) reviewed literature on thermoregulation, hundreds scientific articles been published subject new insights in several groups emerged. particular, technical advancements provided better understanding mechanisms underlying processes. This present Review aims provide overview findings focus groups, including blood-feeding arthropods, explore impact thermoregulation exposure immunity pathogen development. Finally, it provides into current knowledge gaps field discusses context climate change.

Language: Английский

---

Developing Wolbachia-based disease interventions for an extreme environment

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e1011117 - e1011117

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes carrying self-spreading, virus-blocking Wolbachia bacteria are being deployed to suppress dengue transmission. However, there challenges in applying this technology extreme environments. We introduced two strains into Ae . from Saudi Arabia for a release program the hot coastal city of Jeddah. reduced infection and dissemination virus (DENV2) Arabian showed complete maternal transmission cytoplasmic incompatibility. egg hatch under range environmental conditions, with showing differential thermal stability. effects were similar across mosquito genetic backgrounds but we found evidence local adaptation, having lower viability higher adult desiccation tolerance than Australian mosquitoes. Genetic background will influence invasion dynamics, reinforcing need use genotypes programs, particularly environments like Our comprehensive characterization provides foundation -based disease interventions harsh climates.

Language: Английский

---

Heat shock proteins, thermotolerance, and insecticide resistance in mosquitoes

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that pose a threat to millions of people globally. Unfortunately, widespread insecticide resistance makes it difficult control these public health pests. General mechanisms resistance, such as target site mutations or increased metabolic activity, are well established. However, many questions regarding the dynamics adaptations in context developmental and environmental conditions require additional exploration. One aspect deserves further study is role heat shock proteins (HSPs) tolerance. Studies show mosquitoes experiencing stress before exposure demonstrate decreased mortality. This similar observed reciprocal reduction mortality exposed prior stress. The shifts associated with climate change will result occupying environments higher ambient temperatures, which could enhance existing phenotypes. physiological relationship adds new dimension problem complicates challenges vector personnel face. article reviews studies illustrating between HSPs hsp genes intersection thermotolerance resistance. Further lead deeper understanding how factors modulate physiology important disease vectors prepare for changing climatic development novel strategies prevent vector-borne transmission.

Language: Английский

---

Impact of Human Activities on Disease-Spreading Mosquitoes in Urban Areas

Journal of Urban Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100(3), P. 591 - 611

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---

The patterns and driving forces of dengue invasions in China

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 21, 2023

Abstract Background Global connectivity and environmental change pose continuous threats to dengue invasions from worldwide China. However, the intrinsic relationship on introduction outbreak risks of driven by landscape features are still unknown. This study aimed map patterns source-sink relation cases assess driving forces for in Methods We identified local imported (2006–2020) assembled datasets conditions. The vector auto-regression model was applied detect cross-relations patterns. selected major drivers via Boruta algorithm dynamics applying generalized additive models. reconstructed internal connections among cases, external using structural equation modeling. Results From 2006 2020, 81,652 12,701 China were reported. hotspots introductions outbreaks southeast southwest China, originating South Southeast Asia. Oversea-imported as Granger-cause, initial driver dynamic; suitable bio-socioecological environment is fundamental factor epidemics. Bio8 [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval CI) : 1.67–2.68], Bio9 OR 291.62, CI 125.63–676.89), Bio15 4.15, 3.30–5.24), normalized difference vegetation index March 1.27, 1.06–1.51) July 1.04, 1.00–1.07), transmissions 4.79, 4.34–5.28). intermediary effect an population economic development path detected dynamic system. Conclusions Dengue triggered boosted connectivity. Our research will contribute developing nature-based solutions surveillance, mitigation, control a socio-ecological perspective based invasion ecology theories prevent future localization. Graphical

Language: Английский

---

Elevated developmental temperatures below the lethal limit reduce Aedes aegypti fertility

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 228(3)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the principal vectors of dengue and continue to pose a threat human health, with ongoing urbanization, climate change trade all impacting distribution abundance this species. Hot periods becoming increasingly common their impacts on insect mortality have been well established, but they may even greater fertility. In study, we investigated high temperatures Ae. fertility both within across generations. Mosquitoes developing under elevated exhibited higher critical thermal maxima (CTmax), reflecting developmental acclimation, declined increasing temperature. females, decreased fecundity while in males it tended decrease proportion eggs that hatched individuals producing viable offspring. Rearing sexes at 35°C increased subsequent generation effects persisted gonotrophic cycles same generation. Moreover, exposure adults further beyond temperature alone. These findings highlight sub-lethal plastic responses stress This has significant implications for predicting mosquito populations thriving warmer environments.

Language: Английский

---

Heat activation desensitizes Aedes aegypti transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (AaTRPA1) to chemical agonists that repel mosquitoes

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 106326 - 106326

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Mosquito transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are nociceptors that can be activated by noxious heat and/or chemicals (e.g., electrophiles). When activated, TRPA1 typically trigger avoidance behaviors. Previous studies have found mosquito play important roles in host-seeking, preferred temperature selection, and of the environment. Accordingly, considered valuable biochemical targets for developing repellents antifeedants. However, it is presently unknown whether activation impacts their chemical agonists repel mosquitoes, such as catnip oil citronellal. To address this gap knowledge, we heterologously expressed Aedes aegypti (AaTRPA1) Xenopus laevis oocytes evaluated its electrophysiological responses to presence or absence a stimulus. We when AaTRPA1 was exhibited dampened either Subsequent airborne repellency bioassays with adult female Ae. revealed mosquitoes were less repelled citronellal exposed an increase ambient exceeded threshold (i.e., >32 °C); contrast, DEET (a non-TRPA1 agonist) unaffected. Our results suggest TRPA1-agonizing may offer protection from temperatures exceed thermal channels. This implications choice used during extreme events, which becoming more common because global climate change.

Language: Английский

---

Effect of Temperature on Mosquito Olfaction

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(2), P. 356 - 367

Published: June 12, 2023

Mosquitoes use a wide range of cues to find host feed on, eventually leading the transmission pathogens. Among them, olfactory (e.g., host-emitted odors, including CO2, and skin volatiles) play central role in mediating host-seeking behaviors. While mosquito olfaction can be impacted by many factors, such as physiological state insect age, reproductive state), impact environmental temperature on system remains unknown. In this study, we quantified behavioral responses Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, vectors dengue, yellow fever, Zika viruses, among other pathogens, plant-related odors under different temperatures.

Language: Английский

---

Crowded and warmer: Unequal dengue risk at high spatial resolution across a megacity of India

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. e0000240 - e0000240

Published: March 25, 2024

The role of climate factors on transmission mosquito-borne infections within urban landscapes must be considered in the context pronounced spatial heterogeneity such environments. Socio-demographic and environmental variation challenge control efforts for emergent arboviruses transmitted via mosquito Aedes aegypti . We address at high resolution, dengue risk megacity Delhi, India, as a function both temperature carrying-capacity human environment mosquito. Based previous results predicting maximum mosquitoes per different socio-economic typologies, remote sensing data, we produce map reproductive number resolution 250m by 250m. focus hotspots during inter-epidemic periods, places where chains can persist longer. assess resulting high-resolution with reported cases three consecutive boreal winters. find that vector co-vary space because their respective dependence population density. synergistic action these two larger dengue’s than when separately, poor dense locations experiencing warmest conditions becoming most likely reservoirs off-season. location observed winter is accurately predicted threshold criteria. Results underscore inequity across complex landscape, whereby individuals neighborhoods face compounded effect higher temperatures carrying capacity. Targeting periods should priority efforts. A better mapping needed interplay between are dominant determinants seasonality vector-borne behind unequal exposure.

Language: Английский

---

Humidity and temperature preference in two Neotropical species of sand flies

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Background Arthropods vector a multitude of human disease-causing organisms, and their geographic ranges are shifting rapidly in response to changing climatic conditions. This is, turn, altering the landscape disease risk for populations that brought into novel contact with vectors diseases they carry. Sand flies genera Lutzomyia Pintomyia serious agents such as Leishmania (the etiological agent leishmaniasis) may be expanding range face climate change. Understanding conditions species both tolerate physiologically prefer behaviorally is critical predicting direction magnitude expansions resulting impacts on health. Temperature humidity key factors determine extent many arthropods, including species. Methods We characterized habitat two sand flies, longipalpis evansi . Additionally, we studied behavioral thermal fitness–thermal preference alongside aspect physiological tolerance–desiccation resistance. Results found Lu. at cooler drier than Pi. Our results also show significant interspecific differences traits, preferring warmer, more humid Finally, shows greater tolerance extreme low humidity, this especially pronounced males Conclusions Taken together, our suggest temperature aspects niche underscore value integrative studies biology. Graphical

Language: Английский

---