Inbreeding and Outbreeding Depression in Wild and Captive Insect Populations

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 271 - 292

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Major changes in genetic variation are generally considered deleterious to populations. The massive biodiversity of insects distinguishes them from other animal groups. Insect deviant effective population sizes, alternative modes reproduction, advantageous inbreeding, endosymbionts, and factors translate highly specific inbreeding outbreeding outcomes. We review the evidence for depression consequences across wild captive insect populations, highlighting conservation, invasion, commercial production entomology. not only discern patterns but also explain why they often inconsistent or absent. discuss how operates complex, sometimes contradictory directions, such as being detrimental individuals beneficial conclude by giving recommendations ( a ) more comprehensively account important variables depression, b standardize means measuring phenotypic impacts populations so reliably predict when applies, c outline possible remediation options, both nongenetic genetic, including revision restrictive international trade laws.

Language: Английский

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The ecological importance of hybridization

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(11), P. 1097 - 1108

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Hybridization as an evolutionary process has been studied in depth over the past few decades. Research focused on its role shaping reproductive barriers, adaptive value, and genomic consequences. In contrast, our knowledge of ecological dimensions hybridization is still infancy, despite being inherently interaction. Using examples from various organisms, we show that can affect be affected by non-reproductive interactions, including predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, organism–environment with significant implications for community structure ecosystem functioning. However, since these have mostly revealed studies designed to decipher other processes, argue much eco-evolutionary importance yet discovered.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Introgression Between Critically Endangered and Stable Species of Darwin's Tree Finches on the Galapagos Islands

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Natural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence beneficial genes being introgressed into selected in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin's tree finches on island Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), Critically Endangered medium finch (Camarhynchus pauper) undergoes introgression with small parvulus), regularly backcross C. parvulus. Earlier studies 2005-2013 documented an increase frequency Camarhynchus using field-based microsatellite data. With single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from same sampled 2005 2013 (n = 95), we examine genome-wide divergence across parental hybrid birds evidence selection hybrids. We found that just 18% previously assigned based microsatellites could be to SNPs. Over half (63%) were reassigned parvulus, though showed concordance prior assignments. Of 4869 private alleles birds, 348 at a high (≥ 0.30) exceeded their origin 89%-96% time. For detected both years (N 536) between 11%-76% underwent 13%-61% decrease 2013, which was sensitive sampling effort. identified 28 candidates via local PCA outlier tests. Alleles annotated associated inflammation, immunity, brain function development. provide critically may aid retention adaptive genetic threatened extinction.

Language: Английский

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Local environments, not invasive hybridization, influence cardiac performance of native trout under acute thermal stress

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Climate‐induced expansion of invasive hybridization (breeding between and native species) poses a significant threat to the persistence many species worldwide. In northern U.S. Rocky Mountains, cutthroat trout non‐native rainbow has increased in recent decades due, part, climate‐driven increases water temperature. It been postulated that may enhance physiological tolerance climate‐induced thermal stress because laboratory studies indicate have higher than trout. Here, we assessed whether improves cardiac performance response acute temperature wild populations. We collected from four streams with wide range admixture among individuals different streamflow regimes upper Flathead River drainage, USA. measured individual (maximum heart rate, “MaxHR”, at arrhythmia, “ArrTemp”) during trials increasing temperatures (10–28°C). Across study populations, observed substantial variation when exposed stress. Notably, found differences suggesting importance genotype‐by‐environment interactions shaping However, had no effect on (MaxHR ArrTemp) within any three Our results warmer‐adapted does not under warming conditions. Maintaining numerous populations across thermally hydrologically diverse stream environments will be crucial for adapt persist climate.

Language: Английский

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Globally deployed sorghum aphid resistance gene RMES1 is vulnerable to biotype shifts but is bolstered by RMES2

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: April 23, 2024

Abstract Durable host plant resistance (HPR) to insect pests is critical for sustainable agriculture. Natural variation exists aphid HPR in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), but the genetic architecture and phenotype have not been clarified characterized most sources. In order assess current threat of a Melanaphis sorghi ) biotype shift, we Resistance 1 RMES1 additional globally admixed populations selected under severe infestation Haiti. We found reduces fecundity bird cherry‐oat Rhopalosiphum padi fecundity, suggesting discriminant response typical gene‐for‐gene interaction. A second resistant gene, 2 RMES2 was more frequent than alleles landraces historic breeding lines. contributes early mid‐season segregating F population; however, only significant with fitness. fixed population high resistance, were demonstrating lack antagonistic pleiotropy. Associations colocated cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis genes support Globally, therefore, an source vulnerable shift via selection pressure bolstered by common programs which may be staving off production.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity, population structure and ecological niche modeling of Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a native Eucalyptus pest in Brazil

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Globally-deployed sorghum aphid resistance geneRMES1is vulnerable to biotype shifts but being bolstered byRMES2

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

ABSTRACT Durable host plant resistance (HPR) to insect pests is critical for sustainable agriculture. Natural variation exists aphid HPR in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) but the genetic architecture and phenotype has not been clarified most sources. To assess threat of a Melanaphis sorghi biotype shift, we characterized Resistance 1 RMES1 contributing globally-admixed populations selected under severe infestation Haiti. We found reduces fecundity bird cherry-oat Rhopalosiphum padi fecundity, suggesting discriminant response typical gene-for-gene interaction. A second resistant gene, RMES2 , were more frequent than alleles landraces historic breeding lines. contributes early mid-season segregating F 2 population, however was only significant with fitness. In fixed population high resistance, demonstrating lack antagonistic pleiotropy. Associations co-located cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis genes support additional Globally, therefore, vulnerable source bolstered by common programs which may be staving off shift. HIGHLIGHT The globally-deployed reproduction therefore major cyanogenesis increase global durability resistance.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Forensic Flies

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Climate change is a global phenomenon affecting the plant, animal, and human life. Insect diversity contributes to ecosystem functions services as it vital climate has been known impact invertebrates insects causing stress. Thus, important study of on insect population. Although few studies reports are there conclusively understand invertebrate life forms in insects, this chapter we discuss current knowledge regarding biodiversity, distribution, physiology, community, structure, its interactions insects. We also outline reporting forensically It remains be policy makers while framing policies, mitigate loss biodiversity delivery by

Language: Английский

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Incidence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation Cycle on the Existing Fundamental Niche and Establishment Risk of Some Anastrepha Species (Diptera-Tephritidae) of Horticultural Importance in the Neotropics and Panama

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 331 - 331

Published: May 4, 2024

To compare the environmental space of four Anastrepha species in different ENSO episodes (El Niño, El Neutro and La Niña), we built ecological niche models with NicheA software. We analysed fundamental combined establishment risk maps these developed ArcGisPro combine geoprocess. A comparison ellipsoids that represent existing for showed changes Niña episodes. For A. grandis Niño vs. episodes, there was a Jaccard index 0.3841, while between presented 0.6192. serpentina indices 0.3281 0.6328, respectively. obliqua, 0.3518 0.7472, striata, comparisons 0.3325 0.6022, When studying climatic found episode, best similarity were obliqua striata serpentina, higher (0.6064 0.6316, respectively). In which (0.4616 0.6411, (0.5982 0.6228, Likewise, our results present throughout Neotropics, allowing us to predict level order develop integrated pest management plans.

Language: Английский

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Genomic introgression between critically endangered and stable species of Darwin's tree finches on the Galapagos Islands

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Natural hybridisation among rare or endangered species and stable congenerics is increasingly topical for the conservation of species-level diversity under anthropogenic impacts. Evidence beneficial genes being introgressed into selected in hybrids raises concurrent questions about its evolutionary significance. In Darwin’s tree finches on island Floreana (Galapagos Islands, Ecuador), Critically Endangered medium finch (C amarhynchus pauper ) undergoes introgression with small ( Camarhynchus parvulus ), regularly backcross C. parvulus. Earlier studies 2005-2013 documented an increase frequency using field-based microsatellite data. With single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from same sampled 2005 2013 (n = 95), we examine genome-wide divergence across parental hybrid birds evidence selection hybrids. assessing previous estimates found that just 18% previously assigned based microsatellites were to SNPs. Over half (63%) reassigned parvulus, though showed concordance prior assignments. Of 4869 private alleles birds, 348 at a high (≥0.30) exceeded their origin 89-96% time. Across two years, 3436 (70.6%) underwent substantial allele decrease. these, 28 identified as candidate loci via local PCA genome scans outlier tests. Alleles annotated associated inflammation, immunity, brain function development. We provide critically Darwins’ retained by years may aid retention genetic threatened extinction.

Language: Английский

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