Research Progress of Bone Grafting: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 20, P. 4729 - 4757

Published: April 1, 2025

Bone tissue, the second most transplanted tissue after blood, is utilized in over 2.2 million bone grafts annually to address various bone-related conditions including fractures, tumors, infections, scoliosis, congenital defects, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and osteogenesis imperfecta. According incomplete statistics, $4.3 billion was spent on graft materials 2015 alone, with projections suggesting this figure may reach $66 by 2026. The limited availability of autogenous considered gold standard due their three critical biological properties: osteoconduction, osteoinduction, osteogenesis-alongside increasing global aging population, be contributing rising expenditure. Furthermore, advancements biomaterials engineering technologies have created opportunities for exploration new substitutes. In review, we will examine fundamental structure natural characteristics ideal graft, highlighting common currently available, such as true ceramics, decalcified matrix, freeze-dried demineralized bone, bioactive glasses, marrow aspirate concentrate, polymer nanocomposites, which different osteogenic, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, resorption. How utilize its advantages maximize osteogenic effect focus some current challenges field grafting identified, outlining potential directions future development. conclusion, choice repair regeneration, a comprehensive understanding disadvantages can improve effectiveness related surgical interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Use of Biodegradable Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) as a Matrix for Preparing Micro‐Composites with NdFeB Recycled Magnetic Particles

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Abstract Neodymium‐iron‐boron (NdFeB) magnets are essential because they show optimized magnetic properties for clean energy applications. They suffer nevertheless from their rare earth mine security of supply. The European Union considers them as key materials, encouraging recycling to reduce the supply dependence on other countries. In this work, biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is used obtain PCL/NdFeB micro‐composites, with recycled NdFeB loadings 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 5.00 wt.%. Three different preparation techniques employed: “melt mixing,” “solution‐mixing,” “solution mixing precipitation.” crystallization behavior studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) morphology Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM) Phase Contrast (PCM). Non‐isothermal isothermal DSC experiments showed that nucleation effect micro‐particles PCL more effective in case micro‐composites prepared precipitation”. evidenced largest increase temperature, while highest acceleration overall rate samples Besides, self‐nucleation tests confirmed these samples' most significant efficiency. Finally, also proven reduction spherulitic size observed after particle incorporation.

Language: Английский

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Effects on the Enthalpy of Microsynthesis Calorimetry of the Graft Copolymer Starch-g-Polycaprolactone for Five Starch Sources

Polymers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1311 - 1311

Published: May 11, 2025

The aim of this work was to carry out a microsynthesis graft copolymer from different starch sources with polycaprolactone (PCL) and evaluate its effects on enthalpy during synthesis via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). characterized FTIR pasting profile techniques. studies revealed that starch–PCL copolymerization carried all sources. the presented low viscosity values (heating cooling stages), compared those native starches. This finding indicates took place surface granules. Cassava highest at temperatures 150 °C 160 °C.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid Maghemite (γ‐Fe₂O₃) Nanoparticle/Graphene Nanosheet Nanocomposite for Terahertz‐Shielding Applications

Journal of Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Terahertz (THz)‐integrated technology experienced explosive growth and shows excellent potential across many industries. Hence, developing shielding materials is crucial to safeguard waveguides sensitive devices from unwanted external electromagnetic sources. To date, there a gap in current research regarding the conclusive use of maghemite nanoparticle ( γ −Fe 2 O 3 NP) as an effective nanofiller for THz‐shielding material while utilizing inherent properties graphene nanosheets (GNS) create hybrid polymer nanocomposite. Therefore, first time, this study developed novel /GNS nanocomposite assessing role nanoparticles applications. A one‐step direct chemical exfoliation method synthesized GNS. On other hand, straightforward thermal decomposition NP. The nanomaterials were then loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with different ratios NP (w% = 0, 5, 10, 15) fabricate thin films by evaporative casting technique. scanning electron microscopy results elemental dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) display morphological traits GNS loosely stacked flat‐shaped sheets. has predominantly homogeneous spherical‐shaped morphology measuring 30–60 nm. At same retained some distinct features matrix localized clusters magnetic nanoparticles. Results diffraction (XRD) analysis complemented SEM ATR‐FTIR analysis, supporting existence pure Furthermore, time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS) analyzes THz interference‐shielding effectiveness (EMI‐SE) at 0.6–1.6 15% , revealing SE ≤20 dB (99.00% wave attenuation) calculated specific (SSE) ∼30 dB∗cm /g. These demonstrated improved introducing additive filler. Conclusively, fabricated nanocomposites considered facile, effective, comparable EMI‐shielding materials.

Language: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial Polymer Composites in Biomedical Applications

BioNanoScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 4263 - 4279

Published: May 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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