ChemistryOpen,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 9, 2024
Abstract
2,4‐Thiazolidinedione
derivatives
represent
nitrogen‐containing
heterocyclic
compounds
utilized
in
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
management.
Recent
advances
medicinal
chemistry
have
unveiled
diverse
therapeutic
potentials
and
structural
modifications
of
these
derivatives.
This
review
delves
into
novel
TZD
derivatives,
encompassing
their
synthesis,
structure‐activity
relationships,
pharmacokinetic
profiles.
Various
TZDs
are
explored,
including
anticancer,
antimicrobial,
anti‐inflammatory,
antioxidant,
anticonvulsant,
antihyperlipidemic,
anticorrosive,
antitubercular
activities.
Additionally,
it
addresses
mitigating
side
effects
associated
with
marketed
such
as
weight
gain,
oedema,
fractures,
congestive
heart
failure
The
elaborates
on
vivo,
vitro
,
ex
vivo
studies
supporting
different
biological
activities,
alongside
predicting
ADME
drug‐likeness
properties
TZDs.
Computational
also
integrated
to
elucidate
binding
modes
affinities
Furthermore,
a
plethora
varied
enhanced
presented,
warranting
further
evaluation
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
124(1)
Published: Oct. 11, 2023
Abstract
In
this
study,
various
beta‐blocker
drugs
used
for
heart
disease
were
analyzed,
and
their
degree‐based
topological
indices
derived
from
the
M‐polynomial
calculated.
Linear
quadratic
regression
analysis
was
to
obtain
quantitative
structure‐property
relationship
models
between
eight
physicochemical
properties
of
determine
effectiveness.
The
results
show
that
harmonic
index
best
predictor
boiling
point,
flashpoint,
enthalpy
vaporization,
while
redefined
third
Zagreb
effective
polarizability,
molar
refractivity,
volume.
inverse
sum
indeg
found
be
second
modified
surface
tension
in
linear
models.
addition,
polarizability
SDD
Frontiers in Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 18, 2024
The
process
of
developing
new
drugs
is
greatly
hampered
by
their
inadequate
physicochemical,
pharmacokinetic,
and
intrinsic
characteristics.
In
this
regard,
the
selected
chloro
indolinone,
(Z)-6-chloro-3-(2-chlorobenzylidene)indolin-2-one
(C1),
nitro
(Z)-6-chloro-3-(2-nitrobenzylidene)indolin-2-one
(C2),
were
subjected
to
SwissADME
density
function
theory
(DFT)
analysis.
For
compounds
C1
C2,
BOILED-Egg
pharmacokinetic
model
predicted
intestinal
absorption,
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
penetration,
p-glycoprotein
interaction.
According
physicochemical
analysis,
has
exceptional
drug-like
characteristics
suitable
for
oral
absorption.
Despite
only
being
substrates
some
major
CYP
450
isoforms,
C2
anticipated
have
strong
plasma
protein
binding
efficient
distribution
block
these
isoforms.
DFT
study
using
B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)
approach
with
implicit
water
effects
was
performed
assess
structural
features,
electronic
properties,
global
reactivity
parameters
(GRP)
C2.
results
provided
further
support
other
studies,
implying
that
more
water-soluble
than
both
can
form
hydrogen
bonds
(weak)
dispersion
interactions
molecules,
such
as
solvents
biomolecules.
Furthermore,
GRP
suggested
should
be
stable
less
reactive
A
concentration-dependent
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH)
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic
acid
(ABTS)
radical
scavenging
activity
shown
brief,
finding
a
foundation
explore
therapeutic
potential
molecules
against
variety
human
disorders.
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
64(4), P. 1319 - 1330
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
has
been
extensively
employed
for
the
treatment
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
However,
there
is
demand
discovering
more
SARS-CoV-2
Mpro
inhibitors
with
diverse
scaffolds
to
optimize
anti-SARS-CoV-2
lead
compounds.
In
this
study,
comprehensive
in
silico
and
vitro
assays
were
utilized
determine
potential
from
TCM
compounds
against
Mpro,
which
an
important
therapeutic
target
SARS-CoV-2.
The
ensemble
docking
analysis
18263
15
conformations
identified
19
as
promising
candidates.
Further
testing
validated
three
showed
IC50
values
4.64
±
0.11,
7.56
0.78,
11.16
0.26
μM,
EC50
12.25
1.68,
15.58
0.77,
29.32
1.25
respectively.
Molecular
dynamics
(MD)
simulations
indicated
that
complexes
remained
stable
over
last
100
ns
production
run.
An
binding
mode
revealed
active
occupy
different
subsites
(S1,
S2,
S3,
S4)
site
via
specific
poses
through
noncovalent
interactions
key
amino
acids
(e.g.,
HIS
41,
ASN
142,
GLY
143,
MET
165,
GLU
166,
or
GLN
189).
Overall,
study
provides
evidence
indicating
natural
products
obtained
could
be
further
used
anti-COVID-19
research,
justifying
investigation
herbal
medicinal
ingredients
bioactive
constituents
targets.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(16), P. 8588 - 8588
Published: Aug. 6, 2024
Checkpoint
kinases
1
and
2
(CHK1
CHK2)
are
enzymes
that
involved
in
the
control
of
DNA
damage.
At
present
time,
these
some
most
important
targets
fight
against
cancer
since
their
inhibition
produces
cytotoxic
effects
carcinogenic
cells.
This
paper
proposes
use
spirostans
(Sp),
natural
compounds,
as
possible
inhibitors
CHK1
CHK2
from
an
silico
analysis
a
database
155
molecules
(S5).
Bioinformatics
studies
molecular
docking
were
able
to
discriminate
between
13
inhibitors,
dual
inhibitor
for
both
enzymes.
The
administration,
distribution,
metabolism,
excretion
toxicity
(ADMETx)
allowed
prediction
distribution
metabolism
potential
body,
well
determining
routes
appropriate
administration
route.
best
candidates
discriminated
by
comparing
enzyme-substrate
interactions
2D
diagrams
docking.
Specific
obtained,
addition
studying
candidate
observing
stability
dynamic
studies.
In
addition,
Highest
Occupied
Molecular
Orbital-Lowest
Unoccupied
Orbital
(HOMO-LUMO)
analyzed
study
selected
resulting
predominant
gaps
HOMOCHKs
LUMOSp
(Highest
CHKs-Lowest
spirostan).
brief,
this
presents
selection
treatment
using
combination
dynamics,
ADMETx
predictons,
HOMO-LUMO
calculation
selection.
Journal of Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2023, P. 1 - 16
Published: Dec. 12, 2023
The
compounds
were
synthesized
by
refluxing
6-chlorooxindole
with
2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde
and
2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde
in
the
presence
of
piperidine
as
a
catalyst
characterized
spectroscopic
analysis
using
1H
NMR,
13C
mass
spectrometry
(E)-3-(2,3-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-chloroindolin-2-one
(C-1)
(E)-3-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)-6-chloroindolin-2-one
(C-2).
Additionally,
silico
ADME
studies
indicated
that
C-1
C-2
1,1
rotatable
bonds
could
have
moderate
water
solubility
therefore
potential
ability
to
cross
blood-brain
barrier.
Both
showed
high
GI
absorption,
indicating
they
are
suitable
for
intestinal
absorption
while
CYP1A2,
CYP2C19,
CYP2C9
inhibition.
five
drug-likeness
criteria,
which
Lipinski,
Muegge,
Ghose,
Veber,
Egan,
principles
not
violated
C-2.
Also,
DFT
computations
performed
at
B3LYP
level
6-311++G
∗
basis
set
evaluate
support
obtained
results
from
experiment.
FMO
revealed
likely
prefer
intramolecular
interactions
rather
than
intermolecular
interactions,
vice
versa
In
addition,
NBO
resonance
interaction,
especially
shift
electron
empty
orbitals
lone
pair
electrons
nitrogen,
would
contribute
stabilization
both
greatly.
DPPH
assay,
IC50
values
37.390
34.676
μM,
respectively.
Similarly,
ABTS
calculated
25.381
33.706
short,
these
provided
solid
ground
further
preclinical
quest
new
effective
therapeutic
agents.
Drug Target Insights,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19(1), P. 11 - 17
Published: March 10, 2025
Adequate
hyperglycemic
control
is
still
a
huge
challenge
with
the
clinically
used
therapeutics.
New,
more
effective
anti-diabetic
agents
are
on
top
list
of
drug
discovery
projects.
This
article
deals
in
vitro
potential
2,
3
dichloroIndolinone
(C1)
and
6-dichloroIndolinone
(C2)
α-glucosidase
α-amylase
followed
by
silico
analysis.
Both
compounds,
C-1
C-2,
caused
significant
inhibition
at
various
test
concentrations
IC50
35.266
μM
38.
379
μM,
respectively.
Similarly,
compounds
C-2
elicited
anti-α-amylase
action
values
42.449
46.708
The
molecular
docking
investigation
regarding
binding
site
was
implemented
to
attain
better
comprehension
respect
pattern
which
mechanics
occur
between
C1
C2
molecules
active
sites,
illustrated
higher
efficacy
appraisal
reference
inhibitor
acarbose.
interactions
residues
were
mainly
polar
bonds,
hydrogen
bonding,
π-π,
π-H
interactions,
contributed
strong
alignment
enzyme
backbone.
frequently
indicated
stable
hydrogen-bonding
pattern,
suggested
minimal
fluctuation
MM-PBSA
values.
In
short,
this
study
will
contribute
providing
these
an
improved
profile
decreased
toxicity.