Journal of Neurotrauma,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
40(23-24), P. 2487 - 2499
Published: Aug. 19, 2023
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
affects
millions
of
people
worldwide.
Neural
progenitor
cell
(NPC)
transplantation
is
a
promising
treatment
for
regenerating
lost
spinal
tissue
and
restoring
neurological
function
after
SCI.
We
conducted
literature
search
found
that
less
than
quarter
experimental
rodent
studies
have
investigated
anatomical
outcomes
at
longer
4
months
post-transplantation.
This
critical
topic
to
investigate,
given
stem
therapies
would
need
remain
in
place
throughout
the
lifetime
an
individual.
sought
determine
how
commonly
assessed
evolve
between
early
far
chronic
time-points
post-NPC
transplantation.
At
either
8
weeks
or
26
following
NPCs
into
sites
cervical
SCI,
we
evaluated
graft
neuronal
density,
astroglial
axon
outgrowth,
regeneration
host
populations
grafts
male
female
mice.
density
does
not
change
over
time,
but
numbers
graft-associated
astrocytes
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
intensity
significantly
increased
phase
compared
with
time-point.
In
addition,
outgrowth
was
decreased
post-transplantation
contrast,
corticospinal
diminished
rather
from
periods.
Interestingly,
influenced
by
sex
animal,
suggesting
sex-dependent
processes
may
shape
composition
time.
Collectively,
these
results
demonstrate
NPC
transplants
are
dynamic
outcome
measures
associated
efficacy
cord.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(5), P. 4877 - 4892
Published: July 25, 2024
The
prevalence
of
pyramidal
cells
(PCs)
in
the
mammalian
cerebral
cortex
underscore
their
value
as
they
play
a
crucial
role
various
brain
functions,
ranging
from
cognition,
sensory
processing,
to
motor
output.
PC
morphology
significantly
influences
connectivity
and
plays
critical
maintaining
normal
function.
Pathological
alterations
are
thought
contribute
aetiology
neurodevelopmental
disorders
such
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
schizophrenia.
This
review
explores
relationship
between
abnormalities
key
cortical
areas
clinical
manifestations
schizophrenia
ASD.
We
focus
largely
on
human
postmortem
studies
provide
evidence
that
dendritic
segment
length,
complexity
spine
density
differentially
affected
these
disorders.
These
morphological
can
lead
disruptions
connectivity,
potentially
contributing
cognitive
behavioural
deficits
observed
Furthermore,
we
highlight
importance
investigating
functional
structural
characteristics
PCs
illuminate
underlying
pathogenesis
stimulate
further
research
this
area.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Abstract
During
brain
development,
synapses
are
initially
formed
in
excess
and
later
eliminated
an
activity-dependent
manner,
with
weak
being
preferentially
removed.
Previous
studies
identified
glia
as
mediators
of
synapse
removal,
but
it
is
unclear
how
specifically
target
synapses.
Here
we
show
that,
the
developing
mouse
visual
pathway,
inhibiting
synaptic
transmission
induces
postsynaptic
activation
caspase-3.
Caspase-3
essential
for
elimination
driven
by
both
spontaneous
experience-dependent
neural
activity.
Synapse
weakening-induced
caspase-3
determines
specificity
mediated
microglia
not
astrocytes.
Furthermore,
a
model
Alzheimer’s
disease,
deficiency
protects
against
loss
induced
amyloid-β
deposition.
Our
results
reveal
key
step
during
development
neurodegeneration.
During
brain
development,
synapses
are
initially
formed
in
excess
and
later
eliminated
an
activity-dependent
manner,
with
weak
being
preferentially
removed.
Previous
studies
identified
glia
as
mediators
of
synapse
removal,
but
it
is
unclear
how
specifically
target
synapses.
Here
we
show
that,
the
developing
mouse
visual
pathway,
inhibiting
synaptic
transmission
induces
postsynaptic
activation
caspase-3.
Caspase-3
essential
for
elimination
driven
by
both
spontaneous
experience-dependent
neural
activity.
Synapse
weakening-induced
caspase-3
determines
specificity
mediated
microglia
not
astrocytes.
Furthermore,
a
model
Alzheimer’s
disease,
deficiency
protects
against
loss
induced
amyloid-β
deposition.
Our
results
reveal
key
step
during
development
neurodegeneration.
During
brain
development,
synapses
are
initially
formed
in
excess
and
later
eliminated
an
activity-dependent
manner,
with
weak
being
preferentially
removed.
Previous
studies
identified
glia
as
mediators
of
synapse
removal,
but
it
is
unclear
how
specifically
target
synapses.
Here
we
show
that,
the
developing
mouse
visual
pathway,
inhibiting
synaptic
transmission
induces
postsynaptic
activation
caspase-3.
Caspase-3
essential
for
elimination
driven
by
both
spontaneous
experience-dependent
neural
activity.
Synapse
weakening-induced
caspase-3
determines
specificity
mediated
microglia
not
astrocytes.
Furthermore,
a
model
Alzheimer’s
disease,
deficiency
protects
against
loss
induced
amyloid-β
deposition.
Our
results
reveal
key
step
during
development
neurodegeneration.
Journal of Neurotrauma,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
40(23-24), P. 2487 - 2499
Published: Aug. 19, 2023
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
affects
millions
of
people
worldwide.
Neural
progenitor
cell
(NPC)
transplantation
is
a
promising
treatment
for
regenerating
lost
spinal
tissue
and
restoring
neurological
function
after
SCI.
We
conducted
literature
search
found
that
less
than
quarter
experimental
rodent
studies
have
investigated
anatomical
outcomes
at
longer
4
months
post-transplantation.
This
critical
topic
to
investigate,
given
stem
therapies
would
need
remain
in
place
throughout
the
lifetime
an
individual.
sought
determine
how
commonly
assessed
evolve
between
early
far
chronic
time-points
post-NPC
transplantation.
At
either
8
weeks
or
26
following
NPCs
into
sites
cervical
SCI,
we
evaluated
graft
neuronal
density,
astroglial
axon
outgrowth,
regeneration
host
populations
grafts
male
female
mice.
density
does
not
change
over
time,
but
numbers
graft-associated
astrocytes
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
intensity
significantly
increased
phase
compared
with
time-point.
In
addition,
outgrowth
was
decreased
post-transplantation
contrast,
corticospinal
diminished
rather
from
periods.
Interestingly,
influenced
by
sex
animal,
suggesting
sex-dependent
processes
may
shape
composition
time.
Collectively,
these
results
demonstrate
NPC
transplants
are
dynamic
outcome
measures
associated
efficacy
cord.
