Peptidergic modulation of the lobster cardiac system has opposing action on neurons and muscles

Integrative Organismal Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Synopsis Modulation of neuronal networks, primarily through neuropeptides, generates variations in motor patterns that allow organisms to adapt environmental changes or sensory inputs. is complex, with receptors for neuromodulators expressed at various locations within a nervous system; can thus alter muscle dynamics peripherally via the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and itself. The neurogenic cardiac system American lobster (Homarus americanus) well-characterized model investigating peptidergic modulation. Myosuppressin (pQDLDHVFLRFamide) an endogenous peptide interestingly decreases contraction frequency while also increasing force by acting both heart central pattern generator (CPG; ganglion) periphery (cardiac muscles). heartbeat decreasing burst ganglion. Here, we investigated remaining question, does myosuppressin exert its peripheral effects directly on muscle, NMJ, both? To elucidate myosuppressin's was isolated from CPG, contractions were evoked using focal application neurotransmitter, l-glutamate, superfusing over heart. increased glutamate-evoked amplitude suggesting exerts muscle. examine excitatory potentials stimulating nerve recording intracellular membrane voltage single fiber control saline presence myosuppressin. did not modulate acts cause increase force.

Language: Английский

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Decoding Neuropeptide Complexity: Advancing Neurobiological Insights from Invertebrates to Vertebrates through Evolutionary Perspectives

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Neuropeptides are vital signaling molecules involved in neural communication, hormonal regulation, and stress response across diverse taxa. Despite their critical roles, neuropeptide research remains challenging due to low abundance, complex post-translational modifications (PTMs), dynamic expression patterns. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based neuropeptidomics has revolutionized peptide identification quantification, enabling the high-throughput characterization of neuropeptides PTMs. However, complexity vertebrate networks poses significant challenges for functional studies. Invertebrate models, such as Cancer borealis, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, offer simplified circuits, well-characterized systems, experimental tools elucidating roles neuropeptides. These models have revealed conserved families, including allatostatins, RFamides, tachykinin-related peptides, whose homologues regulate analogous physiological functions. Recent advancements MS techniques, ion mobility MALDI imaging, further enhanced spatial temporal resolution analysis, allowing insights into systems. not only expands our understanding functions but also informs translational applications development peptide-based therapeutics. This review highlights utility invertebrate discovery, emphasizing contributions uncovering fundamental biological principles relevance

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Impact of Rapeseed Meal on Feeding Behavior and Anorexigenic Endocrine in Litopenaeus vannamei

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 540 - 540

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Litopenaeus vannamei, with high plant protein acceptance and global aquaculture production, is a potential species for rapeseed meal application. However, has been associated anorexia in fish, whether the same occurs L. vannamei remains unknown. This study demonstrated effects of on feeding anorexigenic endocrine based behavior transcriptomics. Soybean was replaced fermented (50%), significant increase remaining diet dietary discard observed reduction visits. Transcriptome analysis revealed that pathways involved meal-induced mainly included signal transduction, digestive system, sensory phototransduction–fly, thyroid hormone signaling pathway pancreatic secretion. Moreover, this further analyzed identified seven neuropeptides anorexia, it explored complex expression regulation strategies these neuropeptides. In summary, confirmed through causes were closely related to process.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular physiology of decapod crustaceans: from scientific inquiry to practical applications

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(20)

Published: July 22, 2024

ABSTRACT Until recently, the decapod crustacean heart was regarded as a simple, single ventricle, contraction of which forces haemolymph out into seven arteries. Differential tissue perfusion is achieved by and relaxation valves at base each artery. In this Review, we discuss recent work that has shown bifurcated muscular sheets may effectively divide ventricle ‘chambers’. Preliminary research shows these chambers contract differentially; whether enables selective remains to be seen. Crustaceans are unusual in they can stop their for extended periods. These periods cardiac arrest become remarkably rhythmic, accounting significant portion repertoire. As crustaceans, changes rate have been used extensively measurement stress metabolism. We suggest pausing should also quantified context. past three decades, an exponential increase aquaculture occurred (and thereof) being understand responses farmed well providing indicator disease progression. Furthermore, summarized now effective humane methods anaesthetize, stun or euthanize crustaceans destined table use scientific research. believe incorporation new biomedical technology animal welfare policies will guide future directions field.

Language: Английский

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Convergent Comodulation Reduces Interindividual Variability of Circuit Output

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. ENEURO.0167 - 24.2024

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Ionic current levels of identified neurons vary substantially across individual animals. Yet, under similar conditions, neural circuit output can be remarkably similar, as evidenced in many motor systems. All circuits are influenced by multiple neuromodulators, which provide flexibility to their output. These neuromodulators often overlap actions modulating the same channel type or synapse, yet have neuron-specific resulting from distinct receptor expression. Because this different expression pattern, presence convergent a common downstream target would activated more uniformly individuals. We therefore propose that baseline tonic (non-saturating) level comodulation reduce interindividual variability tested hypothesis pyloric crab, Cancer borealis . Multiple excitatory neuropeptides converge activate voltage-gated circuit, but subsets receptors for each peptide. quantified unmodulated measuring activity phases, cycle frequency, and intraburst spike number frequency. then examined combinations concentrations three neuropeptides. found at mid-level concentration (30 nM) not near-threshold (1 saturating µM) concentrations, reduced variability. Notably, response properties an isolated neuron was comodulation, suggesting reduction may emerge network effect.

Language: Английский

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