Examination of Social Exclusion, Sense of Community and Future Expectations on the juvenile delinquents in the probation sample DOI Open Access
İpek Süzer Gamlı, Oğuz Bilal Karakuş, İbrahim Adak

et al.

Bağımlılık Dergisi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 95 - 103

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, madde kullanımı veya temini nedeniyle denetimli serbestlik (DS) yükümlüsü olan ergenlerde, sosyal dışlanma, toplumsal aidiyet ve gelecek beklentisinin sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya, İstanbul’daki bir Çocuk Ergen Arındırma Merkezi (ÇEMATEM) Kliniği’ne uyuşturucu gerekçesiyle DS olarak başvuran 70 ergen psikiyatrik tanısı olmayan, yaş, cinsiyet sosyoekonomik düzeyi eşleştirilmiş kontrol alınmıştır. Olgulara, sosyodemografik veri formu, Ergenler için Sosyal Dışlanma (Ostrasizm) Ölçeği, Ergenlerde Topluluk Hissi Ölçeği Gelecek Beklentileri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: ergenlerin, %85,7 (n=60)’si erkek yaş ortalaması 17.17 ± 0.85 saptandı. %74,3'ünde (n=52) en az hastalık mevcuttu. En sık saptanan ruhsal bozukluğun ise %80.2 oranla dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) olduğu bulundu. grupta, okulu bırakma ailede adli öykü oranı anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti. Yükümlü ergenlerin dışlanma ölçek puanları yüksek , beklentileri düşüktü. Sonuç: kullanımı; topluma beklentilerini etkileyebilmektedir. psikososyal faktörler DEHB başta olmak üzere diğer psikopatolojilerin de irdelenmesi riskli grupların belirlenmesi önemlidir.

Consequences of adolescent drug use DOI Creative Commons
Michael Steinfeld, Mary M. Torregrossa

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance disorders adulthood. This part due to fact that critical aspects brain occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts educate youth about potential negative consequences use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on topic, many questions remain predictors adolescent In following review, we will highlight some most recent literature neurobiological behavioral effects rodents, non-human primates, humans, with specific focus alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption substances produce long-lasting changes across variety structures networks have enduring behavior, emotion, cognition.

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Goal-directed learning in adolescence: neurocognitive development and contextual influences DOI
Linda Wilbrecht, Juliet Y. Davidow

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 176 - 194

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

17
A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence DOI Creative Commons

Klára Gregorová,

Eran Eldar, Lorenz Deserno

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 290 - 303

Published: March 18, 2024

Teenagers have a reputation for being fickle, in both their choices and moods. This variability may help adolescents as they begin to independently navigate novel environments. Recently, however, adolescent moodiness has also been linked psychopathology. Here, we consider adolescents' mood swings from computational perspective, grounded reinforcement learning (RL). model proposes that is determined by surprises about outcomes the environment, how much learn these surprises. It additionally suggests biases choice bidirectional manner. Integrating independent lines of research, sketch cognitive-computational account mood, learning, dynamics influence each other, with implications normative psychopathological development.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Associations Between Genetic Risk, Physical Activities, and Distressing Psychotic-like Experiences DOI
Benson S. Ku, Qingyue Yuan, Angelo Arias-Magnasco

et al.

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2024

Persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences (PLE) are associated with impaired functioning and future psychopathology. Prior research suggests that physical activities may be protective against However, it is unclear whether interact genetics in the development of psychosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The confidential interview DOI
Rachel Goldstein,

Elizabeth M. Alderman

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 12 - 17

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The preference for surprise in reinforcement learning underlies the differences in developmental changes in risk preference between autistic and neurotypical youth DOI Creative Commons
Motofumi Sumiya, Kentaro Katahira, Hironori Akechi

et al.

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Risk preference changes nonlinearly across development. Although extensive developmental research on the neurotypical (NTP) population has shown that risk is highest during adolescence, in autistic (AUT) people, who tend to prefer predictable behaviors, have not been investigated. Here, we aimed investigate these and underlying computational mechanisms. We ran a game-like risk-sensitive reinforcement learning task 75 participants aged 6–30 years (AUT group, n = 31; NTP 44). Focusing choices between alternatives with same objective value but different risks, calculated stay probability of risky choice after rewarding or non-rewarding outcome. Analyses using t-tests multiple regression analyses were conducted. Using choice-related data each participant, fit four models compared model data. Furthermore, validated results fitting methods, recovery, parameter posterior predictive check. found significant difference nonlinear AUT groups. The modeling approach revealed individual preferences for surprise modulated such preferences. These findings indicate adolescence period involving preference, possibly due lower aversion. Conversely, show opposite change could be avoidance because low preference.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
[Research advances in reward positivity and internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents]. DOI

Ke-Ke Yao,

Huan Wang,

Zhenzhen Yang

et al.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 109 - 114

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of reward circuit, and positivity (RewP) one electrophysiological indicators reflecting processing. Many studies have shown that abnormalities in RewP closely associated with internalizing externalizing problems children adolescents. In addition, factors such as stressful life events sleep disorders can affect reward-related brain activity increase risk various psychopathological this population. The article reviews characteristics changes among adolescents recent years, aiming to provide reference basic research on pathogenesis these issues identify new targets clinical diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
How childhood adversity affects components of decision making DOI Creative Commons
Karen E. Smith, Yuyan Xu, Seth D. Pollak

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106027 - 106027

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Food allergies on a college campus DOI Creative Commons

Irene Yuan,

Matthew Greenhawt, Elissa M. Abrams

et al.

Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(5), P. 579 - 584

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

There are limited data on food allergies among college students. In this article, we review the most current available studies. These self-reported surveys and qualitative interviews reported overall poor avoidance of known allergens low rates carrying self-injectable epinephrine students with allergy. College may exhibit risk-taking behaviors due to a number factors, including age-appropriate predilection, strong social influences, lack experience in self-advocacy. Having disclose an otherwise invisible condition repeatedly new environment also lead "disclosure fatigue," creating additional barrier Common themes narrative include hypervigilance, stigma management, concern about others' misunderstanding Although there is paucity area, it likely that having greater support at institution level, along from peers faculty, help improve awareness, carriage, allergen avoidance. This discusses strategies for preparedness school, specific steps maximize safety.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
In humans, insulo-striate structural connectivity is largely biased toward either striosome-like or matrix-like striatal compartments DOI Creative Commons

AT Funk,

AAO Hassan,

Jeff L. Waugh

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract The insula is an integral component of sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, insular dysfunction associated with numerous human neuropsychiatric disorders. Insular afferents project widely, but insulo-striate projections are especially numerous. targets these organized into tissue compartments, the striosome matrix. These striatal compartments have distinct embryologic origins, afferent efferent connectivity, dopamine pharmacology, susceptibility to injury. Striosome matrix appear occupy separate sets cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loops, so a bias in towards one compartment may also embed subregion regulatory functional networks. Compartment-specific mapping structural connectivity sparse; subregions largely unmapped for compartment-specific projections. In 100 healthy adults, we utilized probabilistic diffusion tractography map quantify between 19 structurally-defined each compartment. Insulo-striate streamlines that reached striosome-like matrix-like voxels were concentrated zones (striosome: rostro- caudoventral; matrix: caudodorsal) followed different paths reach striatum. Though was generated independently hemisphere, spatial distribution relative highly similar left right insula. 16 significantly biased compartment: seven toward nine voxels. Striosome-favoring bundles had higher streamline density, from rostroventral subregions. biases identified mirrored prior studies injected tract tracers, cytoarchitecture, or MRI. Segregating through either be anatomic substrate specialization among

Language: Английский

Citations

2