The Ability of Combined Flavonol and Trihydroxyorganic Acid to Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Reproduction DOI Creative Commons
Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy, Pavel Alexyuk, Madina Alexyuk

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 37 - 37

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

The global burden of COVID-19 continues to rise, and despite significant progress in vaccine development, there remains a critical need for effective treatments the severe inflammation acute lung injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we explored antiviral properties plant-derived complex consisting flavonol hydroxyorganic acid compounds. Our research focused on ability suppress activity several key proteins involved replication maturation SARS-CoV-2. These include ACE2 protein, HRV 3C Protease, Mpro (Main Protease). It was shown that plant-based effectively inhibited these viral proteins. addition its effects proteins, were Vero E6 cells. At dose 22 μg/mL, drug demonstrated maximum activity, significantly reducing vitro. preliminary studies, showed both prophylactic therapeutic potential, suggesting it may be useful preventing infection, as well severity disease once an individual has been infected Based compelling results propose potential compound Its inhibit exhibit protective positions valuable candidate further clinical evaluation. As fight against continues, therapies like could complement existing provide new options managing treating disease.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, kinetics, and evolution: A narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Samuel Alizon, Mircea T. Sofonea

Virulence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 8, 2025

Since winter 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has emerged, spread, and evolved all around the globe. We explore 4 y of evolutionary epidemiology this virus, ranging from applied public health challenges to more conceptual biology perspectives. Through review, we first present spread lethality infections it causes, starting its emergence in Wuhan (China) initial epidemics world, compare virus other betacoronaviruses, focus on airborne transmission, containment strategies ("zero-COVID" vs. "herd immunity"), explain phylogeographical tracking, underline importance natural selection epidemics, mention within-host population dynamics. Finally, discuss how pandemic transformed (or should transform) surveillance prevention viral respiratory identify perspectives for research COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in companion animals from owners who tested positive for COVID-19 in the Valley of Mexico DOI Creative Commons
Edith A. Fernández-Figueroa,

Deborah V. Espinosa-Martínez,

Haydee Miranda-Ortíz

et al.

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abstract Background Little is known about the companion animals which tested positive in Mexico for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Due to this, it that we have documented infection of animals, via an exploratory approach two localities Valley Mexico, animal owners COVID-19. Methods Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 21 animals. Also, a Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction was used test five probes three SARS-CoV-2 genes. More than one-third (5/14) these samples SARS CoV-2 corresponding dogs. Results This research translates into first available report on with most populated area Mexico. Samples added chronologically previous reports prepared other areas country, February through November 2022. Conclusion Although dogs not as common our results suggest can be transmitted by their greater extent previously reported.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Survey of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in captive and free-ranging wildlife from Spain DOI Creative Commons
Leira Fernández‐Bastit, David Cano‐Terriza, Javier Caballero‐Gómez

et al.

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: July 19, 2024

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), considered a zoonotic agent of wildlife origin, can infect various animal species, including in free-range and captive environments. Detecting susceptible species potential reservoirs is crucial for preventing the transmission, spread, genetic evolution, further emergence viral variants that are major threats to global health. This study aimed detect exposure or infection by SARS-CoV-2 420 animals from 40 different terrestrial aquatic mammals, regions Spain during 2020–2023 disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In total, 8/137 were positive antibodies against receptor binding domain and/or nucleoprotein according independent ELISAs. However, only one ELISA-positive sample bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) tested neutralizing with low titre (SNT 50 38.15) virus neutralization test. Cetaceans expected have high risk early predictive studies due similarity their angiotensin converting enzyme cell humans. Moreover, 283 analysed RNA using RT-qPCR, none positive. Our results reinforce importance considering cetaceans at support taking preventive biosecurity measures when interacting them, especially presence individuals suspected confirmed COVID-19. Although most this negative exposure, ongoing surveillance potentially important prevent future spillover events novel reservoirs.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
SARS‐CoV‐2 Reverse Zoonosis Among Cats in China: A One Health Investigation DOI Creative Commons
Sajid Umar,

Shaban Muhammad,

Di Gao

et al.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

The interconnections between humans, animals, and the environment are often referred to as "One Health" concept. These connections complex closely intertwined. During last two decades, cat population has expanded rapidly worldwide including China. There approximately 65 million cats in China, indicating that have become one of most popular pets. This proliferation domestic can lead more human–cat interactions heightens risk pathogen transmission. intimacy relationships many owners sleep with their cats, cuddle them, sometimes share food, increases potential for disease transmission [1, 2]. A zoonosis (plural zoonoses) refers pathogens or diseases from animals humans. emerging re-emerging zoonotic is increasing due globalization, industrialization, deforestation, climate change, growth international travel trade, raising fear new pandemics [2, 3]. One other hand, term reverse zooanthroponosis anthroponosis specifically human-to-animal 3, 4]. Reverse been neglected received far less attention past compared events. could be several reasons this imbalance: First, directly affect human populations were emphasized over animal health research funding directed towards issues. Second, resources years because greater impact on economy (SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, H1N1, Ebola). Third, it hard detect diagnose illness than humans systemic funds surveillance. Furthermore, concept Health particularly important densely populated countries like Pathogen spillovers vice versa significant public implications faster spread countries. gaining traction acknowledges linked, move both directions (Figure 1). approach may stimulate into zoonoses. In gained researchers outbreaks (H5N1, SARS, SARS-CoV-2) seriously impacting [5]. Fagre et al. [6] documented virus bacteria being passed people wild events happening continuously; however, we not picking them up largely robust sampling veterinary diagnostic tools. Recently, viral genomic analysis revealed transmit adapt evolve within reservoirs, hence, only harm but spillbacks potentially virulent form also reinfect [7]. better understanding zoonoses critical predict mitigate future pandemic threats. SARS-CoV-2 RNA family Coronaviridae, which a higher mutation rate enzymes replicate its genome prone errors lack proofreading mechanisms. Several studies support SARS CoV-2 had origin wildlife farming, trade spilled infects multiple species, [3, 8, 9]. main cause infections. Cross-species increased evolution SARS-CoV-2. Dogs susceptible infection cats. lower susceptibility dogs low level angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors single nucleotide dogs. global provides opportunities interaction cross-species scarcity data especially 2021–2024, total 458 nasal swab samples was collected at clinics monitor among Kunshan city Jiangsu Province World Organization Animal guidelines strictly followed during sample collection. Samples submerged 5-mL sterile transport media (Copan Diagnostics Inc, Italy). Takara MiniBest extraction Kits (Cat#9766, Takara, Dalian, China) used extract samples. We employed one-step real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) using MIC Real Time qPCR cycler (Biomolecular systems, Australia). detected by following protocols described previously [10] Superscript III One-Step System platinum Taq polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc). Positive negative controls included each reaction verify our assays. cycle threshold (Ct) below 40 (< 40) considered positive. addition, conventional all SARS-CoV-2–positive amplify partial spike (S) gene (748 bp) sequencing [11]. study reveals positivity 1.5% infected (7/458) reported South Korea [9, 12]. another study, no SARS-CoV2 coinfection noticed [10], might partly relatively prevalence function size sampled. Genetic S presence Omicron variant BA.5.2 positive All sampled 2023 2024, related peak season CoV2 It prolonged contact times [12]. Moreover, coinfected feline calicivirus study. Surprisingly, adult (> 4 age). nondetection point an age-related defense mechanism differing behavioral patterns reducing exposure risk. Interestingly, detection (6/7, 85.7%) observed cold seasons linked province Four asymptomatic while three showed mild respiratory distress sneezing. SARS-CoV-2–infected remain display signs clinically indistinguishable [9]. recovered well, death reported. Previously, dogs, species COVID-19 8-10, Cats experimental natural infection, although cases sporadically remained understudied Our limited small geographical area China these probably just "tip iceberg." Even limitations, highlights vulnerability provide useful information researchers. serve novel reservoir cross transmission, reinfection, evolution. spillover represent spillback threat endangered biodiversity conservation. serious concern complicate efforts control emergence vaccine-resistant strains. Despite infections, role development established yet. However, screening relevant reinfection standpoint [10]. Since cat-to-human already [5, 8], therefore, vaccination against should along additional measure. Vaccination reduce replication host suggest targeted surveillance initiated precautionary measures reinfections. Close likely led emphasizing crucial need strict period infections owners. frequent handwashing before after handling beddings, water, food supplies. persons advised limit contacts much possible kisses close snuggles. Wearing protective clothing keeping clean minimize Cat health. Therefore, holistic highly desired continuous epidemiological monitoring variants Sajid Umar: Conceptualization; Investigation; Funding acquisition; Methodology; Validation; Visualization; Writing – review editing; original draft; Formal analysis; Supervision; Project administration. Shaban Muhammad: draft. Di Gao: Pu Chen: editing. would thank staff, technicians, doctors collecting specimens clinical Kunshan. authors declare conflicts interest.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Risks of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 19 (SARS-CoV-2) in Companion Animals DOI
M. I. Al-Farwachi, B. A. Al-Badrani,

Qaes Talb AL-Obadi

et al.

Published: Sept. 23, 2024

The epidemiological situation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans and animals is continually evolving. Given the probable animal origin SARS-CoV-2 recent case reports pets, especially cats dogs, their close contact with humans, it critical to comprehend how sensitive vice versa order control coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. most susceptible companion contract infection include cats, ferrets, hamsters. virus that carried from pets generally thought have little no effect on viral transmission across broader community, there evidence mutations. Thus, requisite for specialized surveillance programmes pets; cases, testing should only be done pet owners or veterinarians who interact these animals. It recommended properly dispose human waste lower probability spreading Additionally, best avoid particularly if they are ill deceased. In addition evaluating exhibiting clinical indications, monitoring advised household pets.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Risks of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 19 (SARS-CoV-2) in Companion Animals DOI Open Access
M. I. Al-Farwachi, B. A. Al-Badrani,

Qaes Talb AL-Obadi

et al.

Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(10)

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The epidemiological situation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans and animals is continually evolving. Given the probable animal origin SARS-CoV-2 recent case reports pets, especially cats dogs, their close contact with humans, it critical to comprehend how sensitive vice versa order control coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. most susceptible companion contract infection include cats, ferrets, hamsters. virus that carried from pets generally thought have little no effect on viral transmission across broader community, there evidence mutations. Thus, requisite for specialized surveillance programmes pets; cases, testing should only be done pet owners or veterinarians who interact these animals. It recommended properly dispose human waste lower probability spreading Additionally, best avoid particularly if they are ill deceased. In addition evaluating exhibiting clinical indications, monitoring advised household pets.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Risks of Coronavirus Infectious Disease 19 (SARS-COV2) in Companion Animals DOI Open Access
M. I. Al-Farwachi, B. A. Al-Badrani,

Qaes Talb AL-Obadi

et al.

Qeios, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(10)

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

The epidemiological situation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) in humans and animals is continually evolving. Given the probable animal origin SARS-COV2 recent case reports pets, especially cats dogs, their close contact with humans, it critical to comprehend how sensitive vice versa order control coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. most susceptible companion get infection include cats, ferrets, hamsters. virus that carried from pets generally thought have little no effect on viral transmission across broader community, there evidence mutations. Thus, requisite for specialized surveillance programs pets; cases, testing should only be done pet owners or veterinarians who interact these animals. It recommended properly dispose human waste lower probability spreading Additionally, best avoid particularly if they are ill deceased. In addition evaluating exhibiting clinical indications, monitoring advised household pets. conclusion, while supporting correlation between receptor profiles SARS-CoV-2 rates further studies warranted clarify implications public health management.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in exotic pets in Spain DOI Creative Commons
David Cano‐Terriza, Leira Fernández‐Bastit, Júlia Vergara‐Alert

et al.

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102289 - 102289

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Ability of Combined Flavonol and Trihydroxyorganic Acid to Suppress SARS-CoV-2 Reproduction DOI Creative Commons
Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy, Pavel Alexyuk, Madina Alexyuk

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 37 - 37

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

The global burden of COVID-19 continues to rise, and despite significant progress in vaccine development, there remains a critical need for effective treatments the severe inflammation acute lung injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we explored antiviral properties plant-derived complex consisting flavonol hydroxyorganic acid compounds. Our research focused on ability suppress activity several key proteins involved replication maturation SARS-CoV-2. These include ACE2 protein, HRV 3C Protease, Mpro (Main Protease). It was shown that plant-based effectively inhibited these viral proteins. addition its effects proteins, were Vero E6 cells. At dose 22 μg/mL, drug demonstrated maximum activity, significantly reducing vitro. preliminary studies, showed both prophylactic therapeutic potential, suggesting it may be useful preventing infection, as well severity disease once an individual has been infected Based compelling results propose potential compound Its inhibit exhibit protective positions valuable candidate further clinical evaluation. As fight against continues, therapies like could complement existing provide new options managing treating disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

0