Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 2004 - 2027

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Southern Range Expansion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis, in Russia Threatens Ash and Olive Trees in the Middle East and Southern Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 541 - 541

Published: March 30, 2022

Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most serious invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp., Oleaceae) in world. It has not yet reached range olive tree plantations, however it been shown to complete its life cycle this host tree. This native East Asia was first found Europe Moscow 2003 and spreading ever since. The aims study were determine if southern border already Caucasus assess potential region based on availability heat availability. In 2021, we surveyed south known Russia. We did find six cities North but city Azov close Caucasus. Analysis information about 550 localities showed that Fraxinus spp. common throughout region. calculation annual growing degree days base 10 °C indicated places where grow above 1500 m are too cold for A. therefore could potentially become a refuge trees. spread concern. First, forest ecosystems endangered, since European excelsior much more there than currently infested regions Second, Russian can gateway Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey other countries Middle Southern Europe. propose using angustifolia, F. ornus Olea europaea adjacent as sentinel monitoring risk assessment these species.

Language: Английский

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The freeze-avoiding mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) survives prolonged exposure to stressful cold by mitigating ionoregulatory collapse

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(9)

Published: April 15, 2024

ABSTRACT Insect performance is linked to environmental temperature, and surviving through winter represents a key challenge for temperate, alpine polar species. To overwinter, insects have adapted range of strategies become truly cold hardy. However, although the mechanisms underlying ability avoid or tolerate freezing been well studied, little attention has given maintaining ion homeostasis at frigid temperatures in these species, despite this limiting tolerance susceptible mild chilling. Here, we investigated how prolonged exposure just above supercooling point affects balance freeze-avoidant mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) larvae autumn, mid-winter spring, related it organismal recovery times survival. Hemolymph was gradually disrupted during first day exposure, characterized by hyperkalemia hyponatremia, after which plateau reached maintained rest 7-day experiment. The degree ionoregulatory collapse correlated strongly with times, followed similar asymptotical progression. Mortality increased slightly extensive exposures, where hemolymph K+ concentration highest, sigmoidal relationship found between survival hyperkalemia. Thus, freeze-avoiding D. ponderosae appears limited prevent manner that chill-susceptible insects, albeit much lower temperatures. Based on results, propose prerequisite evolution insect freeze avoidance may be convergent ancestral maintain extreme stress.

Language: Английский

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Integrating water balance mechanisms into predictions of insect responses to climate change

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(10)

Published: May 15, 2024

ABSTRACT Efficient water balance is key to insect success. However, the hygric environment changing with climate change; although there are compelling models of thermal vulnerability, often neglected in predictions. Insects survive desiccating conditions by reducing loss, increasing their total amount (and replenishing it) and tolerance dehydration. The physiology underlying these traits reasonably well understood, as sources variation phenotypic plasticity. intersect at high temperatures, such that mortality sometimes determined dehydration, rather than heat (especially during long exposures dry conditions). Furthermore, interact determine survival. In this Commentary, we propose identifying a threshold where cause shifts between dehydration temperature, it should be possible predict from trait measurements perhaps eventually priori physiological or -omic markers).

Language: Английский

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An integrative phenology and climatic suitability model for emerald ash borer

Frontiers in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Introduction Decision support models that predict both when and where to expect emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), are needed for the development implementation of effective management strategies against this major invasive pest ( Fraxinus species) in North America other regions such as Europe. We present a spatialized model phenology climatic suitability EAB use Degree-Days, Risk, Phenological event mapping (DDRP) platform, which is an open-source decision tool help detect, monitor, manage threats. Methods evaluated using presence records from three geographic (China, America, Europe) phenological dataset consisting primarily observations northeastern midwestern United States. To demonstrate model, we produced maps recent year tested trends EAB’s potential distribution over 20-year period. Results Overall, exhibited strong performance. Presence was correctly estimated 99% predicted dates adult events corresponded closely with observed dates, mean absolute error ca. 7 days low estimates bias. Climate stresses were insufficient exclude areas native species Europe; however, extreme weather events, climate warming, inability complete its life cycle may reduce some areas. Significant toward earlier emergence 20 years occurred only Discussion Near real-time forecasts conterminous States available at two websites provide end-users decision-support surveillance pest. Forecasts egg hatch particularly relevant managing existing populations pesticide treatments parasitoid introductions.

Language: Английский

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Agrilus planipennis Pest Report to support the ranking of EU candidate priority pests

EFSA Supporting Publications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract In 2022, EFSA was mandated by the European Commission's Directorate‐General for Health and Food Safety (M‐2022‐00070) to provide technical assistance on list of Union quarantine pests qualifying as priority pests, specified in Article 6(2) Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 protective measures against plant pests. As part Task C, conducted expert knowledge elicitations candidate focusing lag period, expansion rate impact production (yield quality losses) environment. This report provides rationale dataset Agrilus planipennis, delivered Joint Research Centre, feed into Impact Indicator Priority Pests (I2P2) model complete pest prioritisation ranking exercise.

Language: Английский

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Effect of a severe cold spell on overwintering survival of an invasive forest insect pest

Current Research in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100077 - 100077

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Cold temperatures can play a significant role in the range and impact of pest insects. Severe cold events reduce size insect outbreaks perhaps even cause to end. Measuring precise events, however, be difficult because estimates mortality are often made at end winter season. In late January, 2023 long-term climate models predicted event occur over eastern North America. We used this evaluate immediate on hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) overwintering four sites northern edge insects invaded observed complete mortality, partial no effects that correlated with location populations strength event. Our data showed support for preconditioning adelgids having an their survival following severe Finally, we compared climatic conditions our historical weather previous observations Nova Scotia. The February resulted coldest these sites, including period within which invaded, suggesting conditions, especially under anthropogenic forcing, may not limiting factor determining ultimate

Language: Английский

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Potential Westward Spread of Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Eastern Ukraine

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 736 - 736

Published: April 3, 2023

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a phloem-boring beetle, native to East Asia that has become serious invasive pest of (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America and European Russia since the early 2000s. In 2019, EAB was detected Ukraine. It had spread over 300 km from entry point two years killed hundreds Fraxinus excelsior F. pennsylvanica trees. poses threat forests neighboring countries, which have already been damaged by fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. The purpose this research (i) reveal traits climatic variables affect its survival; (ii) predict expansion range Ukraine westward; (iii) compare most significant bioclimatic native, ranges EAB, as well outside these ranges. results demonstrated following: all ranges, adapted seasonal temperature variations; MaxEnt model predicted potential distribution with high accuracy (AUC = 0.988); area invasion covered 87%, 48%, 32% Luhansk, Kharkiv, Donetsk regions, respectively; EAB-inhabited regions ecological plasticity pest. However, predictions could be improved considering forest structure, localization roads.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Galeruca daurica Reveals Cold Tolerance Mechanisms

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2177 - 2177

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a pest species with serious outbreaks in the Inner Mongolian grasslands recent years, and its larvae eggs are extremely cold-tolerant. To gain deeper understanding of molecular mechanism cold-tolerant stress response, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly G. via RNA-Seq compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) first- second-instar grown developed indoors outdoors, respectively. The results show that cold tolerance associated changes gene expression mainly involved glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis pathway production heat shock proteins (HSPs). Compared control group (indoor), gluconeogenesis, HSP were up-regulated outdoors. While these related to physiological metabolism growth insects, it was hypothesized encoded by play an important role insects. In addition, also investigated metabolic HSPs, HSP-related significantly outdoors indoor group. Finally, chose induce significant differences Hsp70 (Hsp70A1, Hsp70-2 Hsp70-3) RNAi further illustrate on larvae. separate mixed injections dsHSP70A1, dsHsp70-2 dsHsp70-3 reduced levels target super-cooling point (SCP) body fluid freezing (FP) test determined after using thermocouple method, found silencing increased SCP FP larvae, which validated resistance Our findings provide theoretical basis for excavating key response environments analyzing adaptation insects harsh environments.

Language: Английский

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The freeze-avoiding mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) survives prolonged exposure to stressful cold by mitigating ionoregulatory collapse

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Insect performance is intrinsically linked to environmental temperature, and surviving through winter represents a key challenge for temperate, alpine, polar species. To overwinter, insects have adapted wide range of strategies become truly cold hardy. However, while the physiological mechanisms underlying ability avoid or tolerate freezing been well-studied, little attention has given maintaining ion homeostasis at frigid temperatures in these species, despite this being central issue susceptible mild chilling. Here we investigate how prolonged exposure just above supercooling point affects balance freeze-avoiding larvae mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) autumn, mid-winter, spring, relate it organismal recovery times survival outcomes. We found that hemolymph was gradually disrupted during first day exposure, characterized by hyperkalemia hyponatremia, after which plateau reached maintained rest seven experiment. The degree ionoregulatory collapse experienced correlated strongly with times, followed similar asymptotical progression. Mortality increased slightly most severe exposures, where K+ concentration highest, logistic relationship between hyperkalemia. Thus, tolerance D. ponderosae appears limited prevent manner less tolerant chill-susceptible insects, albeit much lower temperatures. Furthermore, posit prerequisite evolution insect freeze avoidance convergent ancestral maintain extreme stress.

Language: Английский

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