In Vitro Models of Cardiovascular Disease: Embryoid Bodies, Organoids and Everything in Between

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2714 - 2714

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Cardiovascular disease comprises a group of disorders affecting or originating within tissues and organs the cardiovascular system; most, if not all, will eventually result in cardiomyocyte dysfunction death, negatively impacting cardiac function. Effective models are thus important for understanding crucial aspects progression, while recent advancements stem cell biology have allowed use populations to derive such models. These include three-dimensional (3D) as cell-based embryos (SCME) well organoids, many which frequently derived from embryoid bodies (EB). Not only can they recapitulate 3D form function, but developmental programs governing self-organization into more complex well. Many different organoids SCME constructs been generated years recreate tissue that give rise its cellular composition unique morphology. It is purpose this narrative literature review describe summarize recently organoid their recapitulation genetic acquired disease. Owing examined, focus on injury associated with embryonic/fetal tissues.

Language: Английский

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Brain organoid methodologies to explore mechanisms of disease in progressive multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous system (CNS), is marked by relentless demyelination and inflammation. Clinically, it presents in three distinct forms: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive (PPMS), secondary (SPMS). While disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) offer some relief to people with RRMS, treatment options for (pMS) remain frustratingly inadequate. This gap highlights an urgent need advanced disease modeling techniques unravel intricate pathology of pMS. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies brain organoids are emerging as promising tools both 2D 3D

Language: Английский

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Advancements in brain organoid models for neurodegenerative disease research

Organoid, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. e12 - e12

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD) are progressive disorders characterized by complex, human-specific pathology that poses challenges to drug discovery efforts. Traditional models, including two-dimensional cell cultures animal often fall short in replicating the intricate cellular interactions observed human neurodegeneration. This review explores potential of brain organoid technology address these limitations offer a model more relevant humans. Recent advancements induced pluripotent stem (iPSC) have enabled generation patient-derived organoids differentiate into various neural types within 3-dimensional structures. These iPSC-derived establish physiologically microenvironment mimics architecture diversity. synthesizes studies on application modeling PD AD pathology, approaches improve fidelity. Brain replicate disease-specific features, dopaminergic neuron degeneration amyloid plaque formation AD, offering valuable insights mechanisms therapeutic targets. However, remain, incomplete maturation, batch variability, absence vascularization complete cortical layering. Bioengineering approaches, CRISPR-based gene editing organ-on-a-chip technologies, being investigated overcome obstacles. presents transformative platform for study NDs, facilitating detailed research testing therapeutics. Overcoming existing is crucial maximizing translational value organoids, advancing personalized medicine, supporting development effective therapies NDs.

Language: Английский

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Transforming heart disease research with cardiac organoid technologies

Published: Dec. 17, 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating innovative research approaches to bridge translational gap between preclinical clinical settings.Traditional models, such as two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures animal are limited in replicating human cardiac physiology.Cardiac organoids, derived from pluripotent stem cells, have emerged transformative tools cardiovascular research, o ering 3D models that recapitulate key structural functional features heart. ObjectivesThis study aims explore potential organoids disease modelling, drug discovery, regenerative medicine while addressing current limitations proposing future directions for their application. MethodsA comprehensive review recent advancements organoid was conducted, focusing on methodologies generation, applications innovations overcome technical biological limitations.Emphasis placed integrating multi-omics technologies, arti cial intelligence (AI), bioengineering approaches. ResultsCardiac successfully modelled various conditions, including myocardial infarction, genetic cardiomyopathies, congenital heart defects.Multi-omics genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, elucidated molecular mechanisms, AI-driven computational modelling has enhanced data analysis predictive simulations.Despite promise, challenges persist achieving vascularization, cellular maturity, scalability, limiting translation. ConclusionsCardiac er a physiologically relevant platform advancing research.Their revolutionize testing, personalized medicine, therapies underscores impact.Addressing through interdisciplinary innovations, vascularized systems organoid-on-chip platforms, will enhance utility.With continued advancements, hold promise improving therapeutic outcomes understanding diseases.

Language: Английский

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