The Effects of SSRIs and Antipsychotics on Long COVID Development in a Large Veteran Population

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 1694 - 1703

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

The development of Long COVID is a complex disease process that may be partially driven by neuroinflammation. Antipsychotics have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects under certain conditions. Our study aimed determine if veterans treated with antipsychotics and/or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for psychiatric condition had reduced risk developing long-term COVID. We conducted retrospective cohort two cohorts patients based on the COVID-19 wave in which patient’s initial infection occurred (Cohort 1: alpha/beta waves, and Cohort 2: delta/omicron waves) stratification age. A multivariate logistic regression model was used evaluate association between use diagnosis. In 1, antipsychotic associated 43% 34% reductions odds aged <65 >65 years, respectively. This second 11% years without an over 65 SSRIs showed no benefit either age group or cohort. results show treatment mental health reduction COVID, magnitude this varied cohorts.

Language: Английский

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Fluvoxamine: First comprehensive insights into its molecular characteristics and inclusion complexation with β-cyclodextrin

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 101040 - 101040

Published: July 14, 2024

Fluvoxamine (FXM) is a well-known selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for treating depression and has recently been repurposed efficacious treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Although cyclodextrin (CD) encapsulation effectively improves the physicochemical properties structurally diverse SSRIs, molecular understanding their associations deficient. This comprehensive study used single-crystal X-ray diffraction integrated with density functional theory (DFT) calculation to provide deep insights into conformationally flexible FXM its inclusion complexation β-CD. analysis revealed first crystallographic evidence uncomplexed 3FXM–H+⋅3maleate− (1). Three FXM–H+ ions are counter-balanced by three planar maleate− form thin layer stabilized infinite fused H-bond rings R44(12) R64(16) interplay π⋅⋅⋅π, CF⋅⋅⋅π F⋅⋅⋅F interactions. For 2β-CD⋅2FXM–H+⋅maleate2−⋅23.2H2O (2), tail-to-tail β-CD dimer encapsulates two 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moieties, which charge-balanced rare non-planar maleate2− N/OH⋅⋅⋅O H-bonds host–guest recognition pattern uniquely observed all complexes halogen (X)-bearing indicating essence X⋅⋅⋅X interactions shielding X-containing moieties in wall dimer. DFT calculations unveiled that monomeric dimeric β-CD–FXM isomers energetically stable, alleviates numbness bitterness orally administered drug as previously patented. Additionally, an insightful conformational emphasizes importance structural adaptation pharmacological functions.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Antipsychotics and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on the Development of Long Covid in a Large Veteran Population

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Identifying key biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for post-COVID-19 depression through integrated omics and bioinformatics approaches

Translational Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Depression, the leading cause of disability worldwide, is known to be exacerbated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, worsening disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, mechanisms and treatments for this comorbidity are not well understood. This study utilized Gene Expression Omnibus datasets COVID-19 depression, combined with protein-protein interaction networks, identify key genes. ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes analyses were performed understand gene functions. The CIBERSORT algorithm NetworkAnalyst used examine relationship immune cell infiltration expression predict transcription factors (TFs) microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions. Connectivity Map database was drug interactions these TRUB1, PLEKHA7, FABP6 identified as genes enriched in pathways related function signaling. Seven TFs nineteen miRNAs found interact Nineteen drugs, including atorvastatin paroxetine, predicted significantly associated potential therapeutic agents depression. research provides new insights into molecular post-COVID-19 depression suggests strategies, marking a step forward understanding treating complex comorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Clinically Evaluated COVID-19 Drugs with Therapeutic Potential for Biological Warfare Agents

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1577 - 1577

Published: June 14, 2023

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak resulted in hundreds of millions cases, as well deaths worldwide. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease resulting from exposure to this pathogen, is characterized, among other features, by a pulmonary pathology, which can progress “cytokine storm”, distress (ARDS), failure and death. Vaccines are unsurpassed strategy for prevention protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there still an extremely high number severely ill people at-risk populations. This may be attributed waning immune response, variant-induced breakthrough infections, unvaccinated population, etc. It therefore importance utilize pharmacological-based treatments, despite progression global vaccination campaign. Until approval Paxlovid, efficient highly selective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug, broad-spectrum antiviral agent Lagevrio, many countermeasures were, are, being evaluated clinical trials. Some these host-directed therapies (HDTs), modulate endogenic response virus, confer wide array pathogens. These could potentially include Biological Warfare Agents (BWAs), lead mass casualties due severity possible lack treatment. In review, we assessed recent literature on drugs under advanced evaluation COVID-19 with broad spectrum activity, including agents HDTs, relevant future coping BWAs, agents, particular infections.

Language: Английский

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