Melanopsin-Expressing Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Disease

Optometry and Vision Science, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 91(8), P. 894 - 903

Published: May 30, 2014

Melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a class of photoreceptors with established roles in non–image-forming processes. Their contributions to image-forming vision may include the estimation brightness. Animal models have been central for understanding physiological mechanisms ipRGC function and there is evidence conservation across species. Intrinsically can be divided into five cell subtypes that show morphological functional diversity. Research humans has ipRGCs signal environmental irradiance entrain body clock solar day regulating circadian processes sleep. In addition, mediate pupil light reflex (PLR), making PLR readily accessible behavioral marker activity. Less known about optic nerve disease, emerging research providing insight their diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, hereditary neuropathy. We briefly review anatomical distributions, projections, basic proposed functions animals without eye disease. introduce paradigm differentiating inner outer inputs pupillary control pathway disease apply this patients age-related macular degeneration (AMD). these cases AMD, we provide initial altered dysfunction more pronounced advanced Our perspective refined pupillometry paradigms, extended AMD assessment as tool measurement dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Melanopsin contributions to non-visual and visual function

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 67 - 72

Published: July 27, 2019

Melanopsin is a short-wavelength-sensitive photopigment that was discovered only around 20 years ago. It expressed in the cell bodies and processes of subset retinal ganglion cells retina (the intrinsically photosensitive cells; ipRGCs), thereby allowing them to signal light even absence cone rod input. Many fundamental properties melanopsin signalling humans for both visual (e.g. detection, discrimination, brightness estimation) non-visual function melatonin suppression, circadian phase shifting) remain be elucidated. Here, we give an overview what know about contributions function.

Language: Английский

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Melanopsin photoreception contributes to human visual detection, temporal and colour processing

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2018

Abstract The visual consequences of melanopsin photoreception in humans are not well understood. Here we studied using a technique photoreceptor silent substitution with five calibrated spectral lights after minimising the effects individual differences optical pre-receptoral filtering and desensitising penumbral cones shadow retinal blood vessels. We demonstrate that putative melanopsin-mediated image-forming vision corresponds to an opponent S-OFF L + M-ON response property, average temporal resolution up approximately 5 Hz, >10x higher thresholds than red-green colour vision. With capacity for signalling integrating slowly changing lights, melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells maybe fifth type peripheral

Language: Английский

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Melanopsin Contributions to the Representation of Images in the Early Visual System

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 1623 - 1632.e4

Published: May 18, 2017

Melanopsin photoreception enhances retinal responses to variations in ambient light (irradiance) and drives non-image-forming visual reflexes such as circadian entrainment [1Schmidt T.M. Chen S.K. Hattar S. Intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells: many subtypes, diverse functions.Trends Neurosci. 2011; 34: 572-580Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (378) Google Scholar, 2Schmidt Do M.T. Dacey D. Lucas R. Matynia A. Melanopsin-positive intrinsically from form function.J. 31: 16094-16101Crossref (170) 3Do Yau K.W. cells.Physiol. Rev. 2010; 90: 1547-1581Crossref (280) 4Sexton T. Buhr E. Van Gelder R.N. mechanisms of non-visual ocular photoreception.J. Biol. Chem. 2012; 287: 1649-1656Crossref (58) 5Rollag M.D. Berson D.M. Provencio I. Melanopsin, ganglion-cell photoreceptors, mammalian photoentrainment.J. Rhythms. 2003; 18: 227-234Crossref (111) 6Bailes H.J. R.J. inner photoreception.Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 67: 99-111Crossref (87) Scholar]. signals also reach brain regions responsible for vision [7Brown Gias C. Hatori M. Keding S.R. Semo Coffey P.J. Gigg J. Piggins H.D. Panda contributions irradiance coding the thalamo-cortical system.PLoS 8: e1000558Crossref (188) 8Dacey Liao H.W. Peterson B.B. Robinson F.R. Smith V.C. Pokorny Gamlin P.D. Melanopsin-expressing cells primate retina signal colour project LGN.Nature. 2005; 433: 749-754Crossref (993) 9Ecker J.L. Dumitrescu O.N. Wong K.Y. Alam N.M. LeGates Renna J.M. Prusky G.T. photoreceptors: cellular diversity role pattern vision.Neuron. 49-60Abstract (469) Scholar], but melanopsin's contribution, if any, encoding images remains unclear. We addressed this deficit using principles receptor silent substitution present which visibility melanopsin versus rods+cones was independently modulated, we recorded evoked mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN; thalamic relay cortical vision). Approximately 20% dLGN units responded patterns visible only melanopsin, revealing that alone can convey spatial information. Spatial receptive fields (RFs) mapped melanopsin-isolating stimuli had ON centers with diameters ∼13°. rod+cone differed temporal domain, slow changes radiance (<0.9 Hz) stationary were deficient when rendered invisible melanopsin. employed these data devise test a mathematical model involvement applied it, along further experimental recordings, explore under simulated active view natural scenes. Our findings reveal representation scenes containing local correlations radiance, compensating high frequency bias cone negative correlation between magnitude direction view. Together, distinct contribution images, predicting that, view, augments early system's ability encode over moderate scales.

Language: Английский

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The human visual cortex response to melanopsin-directed stimulation is accompanied by a distinct perceptual experience

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(46), P. 12291 - 12296

Published: Oct. 31, 2017

Significance Melanopsin-containing retinal cells detect bright light and contribute to reflex visual responses such as pupil constriction. Their role in conscious, cortical vision is less understood. Using functional MRI measure brain activity, we find that melanopsin-directed stimulation reaches the cortex people. Such also produces a distinct perceptual experience. Our results have clinical importance melanopsin function may discomfort some people experience from light.

Language: Английский

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