Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 135 - 169

Published: April 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Language: Английский

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Hierarchies in Visual Pathway: Functions and Inspired Artificial Vision

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(6)

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract The development of artificial intelligence has posed a challenge to machine vision based on conventional complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits owing its high latency and inefficient power consumption originating from the data shuffling between memory computation units. Gaining more insights into function every part visual pathway for perception can bring capabilities in terms robustness generality. Hardware acceleration energy‐efficient biorealistic highly necessitates neuromorphic devices that are able mimic each pathway. In this paper, we review structure entire class neurons retina primate cortex within reach (Chapter 2) reviewed. Based extraction biological principles, recent hardware‐implemented located different parts discussed detail Chapters 3 4. Furthermore, valuable applications inspired scenarios 5) provided. functional description devices/circuits expected provide design next‐generation systems.

Language: Английский

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Functionally distinct GABAergic amacrine cell types regulate spatiotemporal encoding in the mouse retina

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system. GABAergic neuronal types play important roles neural processing and etiology of neurological disorders; however, there no comprehensive understanding their functional diversity. Here we perform two-photon imaging release inner plexiform layer male female mice retinae (8-16 weeks old) using sensor iGABASnFR2. By applying varied light stimuli to isolated retinae, reveal over 40 different GABA-releasing neuron types. Individual show layer-specific visual encoding within sublayers. Synaptic input output sites are aligned along specific retinal orientations. The combination cell type-specific spatial structure unique kinetics enables neurons sculpt excitatory signals response a wide range behaviorally relevant motion structures. Our findings emphasize importance diversity intricate specialization

Language: Английский

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Neuromorphic Motion Detection and Orientation Selectivity by Volatile Resistive Switching Memories

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Motion detection is a primary visual function, crucial for the survival of animals in nature. Direction‐selective (DS) neurons can be found multiple locations neural system, both retina and cortex. For instance, DS ganglion cell provides real‐time response to moving objects, which much faster than image recognition executed Such in‐retina biological signal processing capability enabled by spatiotemporal correlation within different receptive fields cells. Taking inspiration from cells retina, motion demonstrated an artificial network made volatile resistive switching devices with short‐term memory effects. The arises between adjacent excitatory inhibitory synapses, closely resembling physiological retina. work supports neuromorphic sensor data exploiting unique physics innovative devices.

Language: Английский

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Homeostatic Plasticity Shapes the Retinal Response to Photoreceptor Degeneration

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 1916 - 1926.e3

Published: April 2, 2020

Homeostatic plasticity stabilizes input and activity levels during neural development, but whether it can restore connectivity preserve circuit function neurodegeneration is unknown. Photoreceptor degeneration the most common cause of blindness in industrialized world. Visual deficits are dominated by cone loss, which progresses slowly, leaving a window rewiring second-order neurons (i.e., bipolar cells) could function. Here we establish transgenic model to induce with precise control analyze cell responses their effects on vision through anatomical reconstructions, vivo electrophysiology, behavioral assays. In young retinas, find that three types precisely synapse numbers when 50% cones degenerate one does not. Of rewire, two contact new within stable dendritic territories, whereas expands its dendrite arbors reach partners. mature only four rewires homeostatically. This steep decline homeostatic accompanied reduced light cells visual behaviors. By contrast, performance preserved mice. Our results reveal unexpected type specificity maturational plasticity. The effect functional outcomes identify as promising therapeutic target for retinal other neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Direction selectivity in retinal bipolar cell axon terminals

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(18), P. 2928 - 2942.e8

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

The ability to encode the direction of image motion is fundamental our sense vision. Direction selectivity along four cardinal directions thought originate in direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) because directionally tuned GABAergic suppression by starburst cells. Here, utilizing two-photon glutamate imaging measure synaptic release, we reveal that all arises earlier than expected at bipolar cell outputs. Individual contained distinct populations axon terminal boutons with different preferred directions. We further show this bouton-specific tuning relies on cholinergic excitation from and inhibition wide-field amacrine DSGCs received both aligned inputs untuned among heterogeneously glutamatergic bouton populations. Thus, directional excitatory visual pathway incrementally refined terminals their recipient DSGC dendrites two neurotransmitters co-released

Language: Английский

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Center-surround interactions underlie bipolar cell motion sensitivity in the mouse retina

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Motion sensing is a critical aspect of vision. We studied the representation motion in mouse retinal bipolar cells and found that some are radially direction selective, preferring origin small object trajectories. Using glutamate sensor, we directly observed synaptic output there radial selective non-selective cell types, majority being selectivity relies on properties center-surround receptive field. used these fields along with connectomics to design biophysical models downstream cells. The additional experiments demonstrated pass excitation starburst amacrine cells, which contributes their directional tuning. As provide most ganglion may contribute processing throughout visual system.

Language: Английский

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A circuit suppressing retinal drive to the optokinetic system during fast image motion

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) assists stabilization of the retinal image during head rotation. OKN is driven by ON direction selective ganglion cells (ON DSGCs), which encode both and speed global slip. The synaptic circuits responsible for selectivity DSGCs are well understood, but those sculpting their slow-speed preference remain enigmatic. Here, we probe this mechanism in mouse retina through patch clamp recordings, functional imaging, genetic manipulation, electron microscopic reconstructions. We confirm earlier evidence that feedforward glycinergic inhibition main suppressor DSGC responses to fast motion, reveal source inhibition-the VGluT3 amacrine cell, a dual neurotransmitter, excitatory/inhibitory interneuron. Together, our results identify role limiting range OKN. More broadly, they suggest shape response many cell types suppressing it some while enhancing others.

Language: Английский

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Classical center-surround receptive fields facilitate novel object detection in retinal bipolar cells

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Antagonistic interactions between center and surround receptive field (RF) components lie at the heart of computations performed in visual system. Circularly symmetric center-surround RFs are thought to enhance responses spatial contrasts (i.e., edges), but how edges affect motion processing is unclear. Here, we addressed this question retinal bipolar cells, first neuron with classic interactions. We found that glutamate release emphasizes objects emerge RF; their continuous smaller, slower, cannot be predicted by signals elicited stationary stimuli. In our hands, alteration signal dynamics induced novel was more pronounced than edge enhancement could explained priming RF during motion. These findings echo salience human perception demonstrate an unappreciated capacity architecture facilitate object detection dynamic representation.

Language: Английский

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The functional organization of excitation and inhibition in the dendrites of mouse direction-selective ganglion cells

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Recent studies indicate that the precise timing and location of excitation inhibition (E/I) within active dendritic trees can significantly impact neuronal function. How synaptic inputs are functionally organized at subcellular level in intact circuits remains unclear. To address this issue, we took advantage retinal direction-selective ganglion cell circuit, where directionally tuned is known to shape non-directional excitatory signals. We combined two-photon calcium imaging with genetic, pharmacological, single-cell ablation methods examine extent which 'vetoes' individual dendrites cells. demonstrate shapes direction selectivity independently small segments (<10µm) remarkable accuracy. The data suggest parallel processing schemes proposed for encoding could be more fine-grained than previously envisioned.

Language: Английский

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