Cholinergic feedback to bipolar cells contributes to motion detection in the mouse retina

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(11), P. 110106 - 110106

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Retinal bipolar cells are second-order neurons that transmit basic features of the visual scene to postsynaptic partners. However, their contribution motion detection has not been fully appreciated. Here, we demonstrate cholinergic feedback from starburst amacrine (SACs) certain presynaptic via alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) promotes direction-selective signaling. Patch clamp recordings reveal distinct cell types making synapses at proximal SAC dendrites also express α7-nAChRs, producing directionally skewed excitatory inputs. Asymmetric excitation contributes in On-Off ganglion (On-Off DSGCs), predicted by computational modeling and supported patch DSGCs when α7-nAChRs is eliminated pharmacologically or conditional knockout. Altogether, these results show enhances signaling SACs DSGCs, illustrating how provide a scaffold for microcircuits cooperatively enhance retinal detection.

Language: Английский

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Conserved circuits for direction selectivity in the primate retina

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(11), P. 2529 - 2538.e4

Published: May 18, 2022

The detection of motion direction is a fundamental visual function and classic model for neural computation. In the non-primate retina, selectivity arises in starburst amacrine cell (SAC) dendrites, which provide selective inhibition to direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (dsRGCs). Although SACs are present primates, their connectivity existence dsRGCs remain open questions. Here, we connectomic reconstruction primate ON SAC circuit from serial electron microscopy volume macaque central retina. We show that structural basis SACs' ability confer directional on postsynaptic neurons conserved. selectively target candidate homolog mammalian ON-sustained project accessory optic system (AOS) contribute gaze-stabilizing reflexes. These results indicate capacity compute earlier than classically thought.

Language: Английский

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Antagonistic Center-Surround Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity in the Retina

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(5), P. 107608 - 107608

Published: May 1, 2020

An antagonistic center-surround receptive field is a key feature in sensory processing, but how it contributes to specific computations such as direction selectivity often unknown. Retinal On-starburst amacrine cells (SACs), which mediate direction-selective ganglion (DSGCs), exhibit organization: depolarizing light increments and decrements their center surround, respectively. We find that repetitive stimulation exhausts SAC enhances its surround use study responses contribute selectivity. Center, not activation induces SACs. Nevertheless, both elicited DSGCs, opposite directions. Physiological modeling data suggest the opposing can result from inverted temporal balance between excitation inhibition implying SAC's response timing dictates Our findings reveal mechanisms for demonstrate context-dependent reorganization enables flexible computations.

Language: Английский

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Asymmetries in the Architecture of ON and OFF Arbors in ON–OFF Direction‐Selective Ganglion Cells

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 533(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Direction selectivity is a fundamental feature in the visual system. In retina, direction independently computed by ON and OFF circuits. However, advantages of extracting directional information from these two independent circuits are unclear. To gain insights, we examined ON–OFF direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs), which recombine signals both Specifically, investigated dendritic architecture neurons with premise that asymmetries will provide insights into function. Scrutinizing dendrites dye‐filled DSGCs reveals arbors substantially denser. The increase density can be primarily attributed to higher branching seen arbors. Further, analysis previously published serial block‐face electron microscopy dataset revealed denser packed more bipolar synapses per unit length. These suggest DSGC preferentially magnifies synaptic drive pathway, potentially allowing it encode distinct pathway.

Language: Английский

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Bayesian inference for biophysical neuron models enables stimulus optimization for retinal neuroprosthetics

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

While multicompartment models have long been used to study the biophysics of neurons, it is still challenging infer parameters such from data including uncertainty estimates. Here, we performed Bayesian inference for detailed neuron a photoreceptor and an OFF- ON-cone bipolar cell mouse retina based on two-photon imaging data. We obtained multivariate posterior distributions specifying plausible parameter ranges consistent with allowing identify poorly constrained by To demonstrate potential mechanistic data-driven models, created simulation environment external electrical stimulation optimized stimulus waveforms target cells, current major problem retinal neuroprosthetics.

Language: Английский

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Development of the vertebrate retinal direction-selective circuit

Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 477, P. 273 - 283

Published: June 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Asymmetric retinal direction tuning predicts optokinetic eye movements across stimulus conditions

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 17, 2023

Across species, the optokinetic reflex (OKR) stabilizes vision during self-motion. OKR occurs when ON direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (oDSGCs) detect slow, global image motion on retina. How oDSGC activity is integrated centrally to generate behavior remains unknown. Here, we discover mechanisms that contribute encoding in vertically tuned oDSGCs and leverage these findings empirically define signal transformation between output vertical behavior. We demonstrate contrast-sensitive asymmetric for types prefer opposite directions. These phenomena arise from interplay spike threshold nonlinearities differences synaptic input weights, including shifts balance of excitation inhibition. In behaving mice, neurophysiological observations, along with a central subtraction outputs, accurately predict trajectories across stimulus conditions. Thus, tuning competing sensory channels can critically shape

Language: Английский

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Diverse GABA signaling in the inner retina enables spatiotemporal coding

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Summary paragraph GABA ( ψ -aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system (CNS) 1,2 . There a wide range of GABAergic neuronal types, each which plays an important role neural processing and etiology neurological disorders 3–5 However, there no comprehensive understanding this functional diversity, due to lack genetic tools target study multitude cell types. Here we perform two-photon imaging release inner plexiform layer (IPL) mouse retina using newly developed sensor iGABASnFR2. By applying varied light stimuli isolated retinae, reveal over 40 different GABA-releasing neurons, including some not previously described. Individual types show unique distributions synaptic sites sublayers comprising IPL, allowing layer-specific visual encoding. Synaptic input output are aligned along specific retinal orientations for multiple Furthermore, computational modeling reveals that combination type-specific spatial structure kinetics enables neurons suppress sculpt excitatory signals response behaviorally relevant motion structures. Our high-throughput approach provides first physiological characterization signaling vertebrate CNS. Future applications method will enable interrogation function dysfunction diverse circuits health disease.

Language: Английский

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Distinct inhibitory pathways control velocity and directional tuning in the mouse retina

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(10), P. 2130 - 2143.e3

Published: April 7, 2022

The sensory periphery is responsible for detecting ethologically relevant features of the external world, using compact, predominantly feedforward circuits. Visual motion a particularly prevalent feature, presence which can be signal to enact diverse behaviors ranging from gaze stabilization reflexes predator avoidance or prey capture. To understand how retina constructs distinct neural representations required these behaviors, we investigated two circuits encoding different aspects image motion: ON and ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). Using combination two-photon targeted whole-cell electrophysiology, pharmacology, conditional knockout mice, show that inhibitory pathways independently control tuning velocity direction in cell types. We further employ dynamic clamp numerical modeling techniques asymmetric inhibition provides velocity-invariant mechanism directional tuning, despite strong dependence classical models selectivity. therefore demonstrate invariant by interneurons act as computational building blocks construct distinct, behaviorally signals at earliest stages visual system.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Photoreceptor Loss on Retinal Circuitry

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 105 - 128

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Our sense of sight relies on photoreceptors, which transduce photons into the nervous system's electrochemical interpretation visual world. These precious photoreceptors can be disrupted by disease, injury, and aging. Once start to die, but before blindness occurs, remaining retinal circuitry withstand, mask, or exacerbate photoreceptor deficit potentially receptive newfound therapies for vision restoration. To maximize retina's receptivity therapy, one must understand conditions that influence state retina. In this review, we provide an overview structure function in health disease. We analyze a collection observations disruption generate predictive model identify parameters response. Finally, speculate whether retina, with its remarkable capacity over light levels spanning nine orders magnitude, uses these same adaptational mechanisms withstand perhaps mask loss.

Language: Английский

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