Global declines in human‐driven mangrove loss

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 5844 - 5855

Published: July 12, 2020

Global mangrove loss has been attributed primarily to human activity. Anthropogenic hotspots across Southeast Asia and around the world have characterized ecosystem as highly threatened, though natural processes such erosion can also play a significant role in forest vulnerability. However, extent of threats not fully quantified at global scale. Here, using Random Forest-based analysis over one million Landsat images, we present first 30 m resolution maps drivers from 2000 2016, capturing both human-driven stressors. We estimate that 62% losses between 2016 resulted land-use change, through conversion aquaculture agriculture. Up 80% these occurred within six Asian nations, reflecting regional emphasis on enhancing for export support economic development. Both anthropogenic declined slower declines caused an increase their relative contribution total area. attribute decline regionally dependent combination increased conservation efforts lack remaining mangroves viable conversion. While restore protect appear be effective decadal timescales, emergence presents immediate challenge coastal adaptation. anticipate our results will inform decision-making restoration initiatives by providing locally relevant understanding causes loss.

Language: Английский

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The renaissance of Odum's outwelling hypothesis in 'Blue Carbon' science

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 107361 - 107361

Published: April 3, 2021

The term 'Blue Carbon' was coined about a decade ago to highlight the important carbon sequestration capacity of coastal vegetated ecosystems. has paved way for development programs and policies that preserve restore these threatened ecosystems climate change mitigation. Blue research focused on quantifying stocks burial rates in sediments or accumulating as biomass. This focus habitat-bound led us losing sight mobile blue fraction. Oceans, largest active reservoir carbon, have become somewhat blind spot. Multiple recent investigations revealed high outwelling (i.e., lateral fluxes horizontal exports) dissolved inorganic (DIC) organic (DOC) well particulate (POC) from habitats. In this paper, we conceptualize mangrove, saltmarsh, seagrass macroalgae ecosystems, diagnose key challenges preventing robust quantification, pave future work integrating framework. Outwelling mangroves saltmarshes is usually dominated by DIC (mostly bicarbonate), while POC seems be major species exported meadows forests. Carbon science still its infancy, estimates remain limited spatially temporally. Nevertheless, existing datasets imply followed ocean storage relevant may exceed local sediment long-term (>centuries) mechanism. If proves correct more data emerge, ignoring underestimate perceived

Language: Английский

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Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 2856 - 2866

Published: March 1, 2021

Abstract Mangroves have among the highest carbon densities of any tropical forest. These ‘blue carbon’ ecosystems can store large amounts for long periods, and their protection reduces greenhouse gas emissions supports climate change mitigation. Incorporating mangroves into Nationally Determined Contributions to Paris Agreement valuation on markets requires predicting how management different land‐uses prevent future increase CO 2 sequestration. We integrated comprehensive global datasets stocks, mangrove distribution, deforestation rates, land‐use drivers a predictive model emissions. project foregone soil sequestration potential under ‘business as usual’ rates loss. Emissions from loss could reach 2391 Tg eq by end century, or 3392 when considering The were predicted in southeast south Asia (West Coral Triangle, Sunda Shelf, Bay Bengal) due conversion aquaculture agriculture, followed Caribbean (Tropical Northwest Atlantic) clearing erosion, Andaman coast Myanmar) north Brazil erosion. Together, these six regions accounted 90% total Mangrove has been slowing, be more than halved if reduced remain future. Notably, location emission hotspots was consistent with every dataset used calculate alternative assumptions about storage Our results indicate need policy actions address arising that managed them.

Language: Английский

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Quantifying net loss of global mangrove carbon stocks from 20 years of land cover change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Mangrove forests hold some of the highest densities carbon recorded in any ecosystem, but have experienced widespread deforestation through conversion to aquaculture and agriculture. Alongside deforestation, mangroves shown simultaneous natural expansion parts world, considerable investments been made into restoration programmes. Here we estimate net changes global mangrove stock due land cover change between 1996 2016, using data on forestation, proportional during processes loss gain. The declined by 158.4 Mt (95% CI = -156.8-525.9 Mt); a reduction 1.8% present 1996. Efforts conserve restore appear had success, - along with forestation contributed relatively low losses stocks over two decades.

Language: Английский

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Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1698 - 1698

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in world. Playing critical roles maintaining health productivity coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range services functions, including habitat for local fauna flora, food other goods, carbon sequestration, protection from disasters such storm surges erosion. It is also evident that face several threats, which have already led to gradual depletion mangrove areas worldwide. Based on analysis current related historical literature data, this review summarises functions threats challenges associated with management practices. Our findings suggest development, expanded aquaculture, deforestation, climate change, implications eutrophication, diseases, pollution are major factors posing sustainability. We highlight various challenges, land use conflict, lack stringent regulatory actions, inadequate policy government frameworks, community awareness, underlie ineffective management. The implementation inclusive coordinated approaches involving stakeholders different backgrounds interests, governmental non-governmental organisations, academia essential restoration sustainable by adapting mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. e3001836 - e3001836

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation restoration. Here, we outline challenges global restoration mangroves what actions could enhance Ambitious targets mangrove restoration, if successful, deliver benefits carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, coastal protection. However, large-scale planting efforts often failed, smaller projects may not landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions include reducing risks large increasing uptake effectiveness projects. Sustainable investment in capacity building communities institutions, mechanisms match opportunities with prospective supporters investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management help fully understand monitor

Language: Английский

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Widespread retreat of coastal habitat is likely at warming levels above 1.5 °C

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7977), P. 112 - 119

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Abstract Several coastal ecosystems—most notably mangroves and tidal marshes—exhibit biogenic feedbacks that are facilitating adjustment to relative sea-level rise (RSLR), including the sequestration of carbon trapping mineral sediment 1 . The stability reef-top habitats under RSLR is similarly linked reef-derived accumulation vertical accretion protective coral reefs 2 persistence these ecosystems high rates contested 3 Here we show probability inferred from palaeo-stratigraphic observations aligns with contemporary in situ survey measurements. A deficit between marsh mangrove likely at 4 mm yr −1 highly 7 RSLR. As exceed , reef islands destabilize through increased shoreline erosion wave over-topping increases. Increased global warming 1.5 °C 2.0 would double area mapped exposed by 2080 2100. With warming, nearly all world’s forests almost 40% marshes estimated be least Meeting Paris agreement targets minimize disruption ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Mangrove-based carbon market projects: What stakeholders need to address during pre-feasibility assessment

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 374, P. 124074 - 124074

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Derivation of Allometric Equations and Carbon Content Estimation in Mangrove Forests of Malaysia

Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100618 - 100618

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mangroves in arid regions: Ecology, threats, and opportunities

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 248, P. 106796 - 106796

Published: April 28, 2020

Language: Английский

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