Island Biogeography

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Island Biogeography: Geo-environmental Dynamics, Ecology, Evolution, Human Impact, and Conservation provides a synthetic review covering islands as model systems in the life sciences. It is centred on study of geographical distribution biodiversity how it changes through time, understood medium island biotas ecosystems. comprises four parts devoted turn to: environments; ecology; evolution; human impact conservation. describes origins dynamics different types key characteristics environments that shape their biotic characteristics. identifies theories ecology reviews progress towards evaluation development. sets out essential building blocks evolution emergent patterns insular endemism evolutionary syndromes animals plants. geo-environmental are crucial relevance to understanding developing improved explanatory predictive models ecological dynamics. application theory fragmented spread societies across world these subsequent colonization events environments, biotas, sustainability islands. evidence anthropogenic extinction islands, identifying drivers threats existing native species ecosystems, ways which may make particularly vulnerable certain external influences. considers distinctive conservation challenges solutions be effective

Language: Английский

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The establishment of plants following long-distance dispersal

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 289 - 300

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Patterns and drivers of macroalgal ‘blue carbon’ transport and deposition in near-shore coastal environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 890, P. 164430 - 164430

Published: May 27, 2023

The role of macroalgae (seaweed) as a global contributor to carbon drawdown within marine sediments - termed 'blue carbon' remains uncertain and controversial. While studies are needed validate the potential for macroalgal‑carbon sequestration in coastal sediments, fundamental questions regarding fate dislodged macroalgal biomass need be addressed. Evidence suggests may advected deposited other vegetated ecosystems down deep ocean; however, contributions near-shore waters remain uncertain. In this study combination eDNA metabarcoding surficial sediment sampling informed by seabed mapping from different physical environments was used test presence south-eastern Australia, factors influencing patterns transport deposition. DNA products total 68 taxa, representing all major groups (Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta) were successfully detected at 112 locations. These findings confirm exported into suggest donors could both speciose diverse. Modelling suggested that deposition, organic (TOC), influenced complex interactions between several environmental including water depth, grain size, wave orbital velocity, current speed, direction, extent infralittoral zone around depositional areas. Extrapolation optimised model predict spatial deposition TOC across coastline identify potentially important sinks. This builds on recent providing empirical evidence deposits framework predicting distribution sinks informing future surveys aimed determining long-term sediments.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Tools in Biological Invasions: Current State and Future Frontiers

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Human activities are accelerating rates of biological invasions and climate-driven range expansions globally, yet we understand little how genomic processes facilitate the invasion process. Although most literature has focused on underlying phenotypic correlates invasiveness, advances in technologies showing a strong link between variation success. Here, consider ability tools to (i) inform mechanistic understanding (ii) solve real-world issues predicting managing invasions. For both, examine current state field discuss genomics can be leveraged future. In addition, make recommendations pertinent broader research issues, such as data sovereignty, metadata standards, collaboration, science communication best practices that will require concerted efforts from global community.

Language: Английский

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Macroalgal microbiome biogeography is shaped by environmental drivers rather than geographical distance

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133(1), P. 169 - 182

Published: Oct. 7, 2023

Abstract Background and Aims Contrasting patterns of host microbiome biogeography can provide insight into the drivers microbial community assembly. Distance–decay relationships are a classic biogeographical pattern shaped by interactions between selective non-selective processes. Joint microbiomes their hosts is increasing interest owing to potential for microbiome-facilitated adaptation. Methods In this study, we examine coupled model macroalga Durvillaea its using combination genotyping sequencing (host) 16S rRNA amplicon (microbiome). Alongside these approaches, use environmental data characterize relationship microbiome, host, environment. Key Results We show that although exhibit shared structure, arise from different processes, with showing signs geographical distance decay, but decay. Examination subcommunities, defined abundance, revealed abundance microbes linked selection. As become less common, dominant ecological processes shift away towards neutral Contrary expectations, found drift does not promote structuring microbiome. Conclusions Our results suggest macroalgae relatively ‘typical’ declining similarity distance, more variable primarily conditions. findings Baas Becking hypothesis ‘everything everywhere, environment selects’ might be useful understand macroalgal microbiomes. conditions change in response anthropogenic influences, shift, whereas those governing likely change. result, increasingly decoupled host–microbe observed such human influences.

Language: Английский

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Antarctic benthic ecological change

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(9), P. 645 - 664

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ocean Rafting: Marine Litter and Benthic Stopovers Amplify Species Dispersal Opportunities

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Rafting of organisms on floating objects, long recognised as a key process in biogeography and evolution, has undergone tremendous change with the rapid increase ocean litter (plastics other human‐made materials). Resulting increases raft longevity abundance expand opportunities for marine species' dispersal. Here, we present conceptual framework role benthic stopovers by artificial rafts how these likely enhance cumulative species acquisition Stages Benthic Stopovers We define four stages stopovers: (1) landing (horizontal transport) or sinking (vertical transport), (2) retention habitat (intertidal subtidal), (3) colonisation local species, (4) re‐washing re‐surfacing transport). Colonisation Dispersal From The fate items their attached biota depends interplay (site‐related), regional (oceanographic/climatic) object characteristics. Available literature suggests that stopover events shores are most to happen complex natural environments like mangrove forests rocky shores. These can trap retain inter‐ subtidal zone, access suitable rafting species. Large highly buoyant items, rigid surfaces resistant breakage, complete stopovers. Conclusions dispersal increasing both pool frequency rafts. suggest far more common than currently reported play an range dynamics, calling innovative research address this knowledge gap.

Language: Английский

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Towards a More Nuanced Understanding of Long‐Distance Rafting: Case Studies From the Southern Ocean

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Problem Rafting is now recognised as a key process influencing the distribution and connectivity of several marine coastal species. scenarios are, however, often invoked in ways that do not account for clear differences biogeographic outcomes. Here, we illustrate value utilising multiple lines evidence (e.g. different life histories, ecologies, dispersal frequencies) elucidating historical, modern, future significance ocean rafting. We discuss these issues using range exemplar studies from Southern Ocean, where rafting clearly underlies many distributional patterns, although our conclusions hold generally. Explanations Such appear to be underpinned by variations life‐history characters, with, instance, direct‐developing taxa more suited long‐distance events might span generations. success also shaped diverse suite factors including durability raft, presence/absence resources competitors (intra‐ or inter‐specific) at destination, species' environmental tolerances, latitudinal movements position oceanographic fronts, frequency intensity extreme such storms. Several are influenced climate change, so detailed understanding their roles increasingly important—particularly distributions shifting. Future Prospects The Hemisphere—which has considerably than Northern Hemisphere (81% vs. 61%)—provides biogeographers with wealth information on processes, well intriguing examples puzzles still face. Powerful new tools, high‐resolution genomic analyses, ancient DNA, environmental, ecological modelling, providing granular picture biogeographical patterns. These novel methods, together broader consideration affecting success, can pave way an improved properly integrated eco‐evolutionary outcomes via

Language: Английский

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Dispersal Biogeography

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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Strong genetic differentiation and low genetic diversity in a habitat‐forming fucoid seaweed (Cystophora racemosa) across 850 km of its range

Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2025

Abstract Temperate seaweed forests are among the most productive and widespread habitats in coastal waters. However, they under threat from climate change other anthropogenic stressors. To effectively conserve manage these ecosystems rising pressures, an understanding of genetic diversity structure habitat‐forming seaweeds will be necessary. Australia's Great Southern Reef, a global hotspot endemic diversity, is home to one world's speciose genera, Cystophora (order Fucales). Despite severe declines some species, genomic data on this genus remain limited. We used reduced representation approach (DaRTSeq) investigate racemosa , dominant canopy‐forming across ~850 km its range. Our sequencing captured 4741 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we distinguished neutral loci those natural selection (i.e., outlier loci). identified strong population high differentiation for both (mean F ST = 0.404) 0.901). Across populations, was low (neutral: mean H E 0.046; outlier: 0.042), with inferred inbreeding (neutral IS 0.531) no evidence isolation‐by‐distance. Several SNPs ( n 70) were observed putatively adaptive, (97%) correlated annual maximum sea surface temperature (SST, °C), indicating local adaptation key ocean variable. results show that C. populations have differentiation, which may increase vulnerability important foundation species change.

Language: Английский

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