Biosensors,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 280 - 280
Published: April 29, 2025
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
marked
by
the
progressive
loss
of
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra,
imposes
substantial
economic
burdens,
including
both
direct
and
indirect
costs.
The
medical
community
currently
lacks
definitive
cure
for
disease,
early
detection
is
crucial
timely
intervention
management.
As
innovative
diagnostic
tools,
biosensors
have
shown
great
potential
detecting
PD
at
its
stages.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
recent
advances
PD,
with
particular
focus
on
two
key
biomarkers:
dopamine
(DA)
α-synuclein
(α-syn).
Furthermore,
it
illustrates
variety
nanotechnology-based
biosensors,
optical,
electrochemical,
transistor
detailing
their
underlying
principles,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
detection.
Moreover,
explores
challenges
prospects
advancing
diagnosis.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 539 - 539
Published: April 7, 2025
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
a
genetically
heterogeneous
syndrome
characterized
by
repetitive,
restricted,
and
stereotyped
behaviors,
along
with
persistent
difficulties
social
interaction
communication.
Despite
its
increasing
prevalence
globally,
the
underlying
pathogenic
mechanisms
of
this
complex
neurodevelopmental
remain
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
identification
reliable
biomarkers
could
play
crucial
role
in
enabling
early
screening
more
precise
classification
ASD
subtypes,
offering
valuable
insights
into
physiopathology
aiding
customization
treatment
or
interventions.
Biogenic
amines,
including
serotonin,
histamine,
dopamine,
epinephrine,
norepinephrine,
polyamines,
are
class
organic
compounds
mainly
produced
decarboxylation
amino
acids.
A
substantial
portion
genetic
variation
observed
has
been
linked
to
genes
that
either
directly
indirectly
involved
metabolism
biogenic
amines.
Their
potential
involvement
become
an
area
growing
interest
due
their
pleiotropic
activities
central
nervous
system,
where
they
act
as
both
neurotransmitters
neuromodulators
hormones.
This
review
examines
amines
ASD,
particular
focus
on
alterations
enzymes
responsible
for
synthesis
degradation.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
Abstract
Dopamine
is
an
essential
brain
neuromodulator
involved
in
reward
and
motor
control.
Dopaminergic
(DA)
neurons
project
to
most
areas,
with
particularly
dense
innervation
the
striatum.
DA
varicosities
bind
target
striatal
synapses
form
dopamine
hub
(DHS).
However,
basic
features
of
release
sites
are
still
largely
unknown.
Here
we
studied
ultrastructure
fluorescent
glutamatergic
(GLU)
synaptosomes
isolated
from
striatum
adult
mice
cryo-correlative
light
electron
microscopy
cryo-electron
tomography.
We
observed
that
display
~
10
times
fewer
vesicles
than
GLU
ones.
bigger
less
round.
Vesicle
organization
at
single
nanometer
scale
indicates
have
tethered
primed
vesicles,
indicative
a
readily
releasable
pool,
while
only
39%
which
appear
not
be
primed.
In
addition,
terminals
contacted
by
DHS
more
others.
While
do
genuine
synapses,
their
adhesion
cortico-striatal
may
convey
local
regulation
synaptic
properties.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
ABSTRACT
Classic
theories
propose
opponent
functions
for
striatal
dopamine
(DA)
and
serotonin
(5-hydroxytryptamine;
5HT),
with
DA
promoting
approach
5HT
patience
or
avoidance.
How
these
neuromodulators
regulate
downstream
circuits
to
achieve
such
antagonistic
effects
remains
mysterious.
Here,
we
mapped
receptor
expression
recorded
from
genetically-identified
neurons
demonstrate
that
selectively
activate
distinct
populations
of
exert
control
over
output.
Biosensors,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 280 - 280
Published: April 29, 2025
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
marked
by
the
progressive
loss
of
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra,
imposes
substantial
economic
burdens,
including
both
direct
and
indirect
costs.
The
medical
community
currently
lacks
definitive
cure
for
disease,
early
detection
is
crucial
timely
intervention
management.
As
innovative
diagnostic
tools,
biosensors
have
shown
great
potential
detecting
PD
at
its
stages.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
recent
advances
PD,
with
particular
focus
on
two
key
biomarkers:
dopamine
(DA)
α-synuclein
(α-syn).
Furthermore,
it
illustrates
variety
nanotechnology-based
biosensors,
optical,
electrochemical,
transistor
detailing
their
underlying
principles,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
detection.
Moreover,
explores
challenges
prospects
advancing
diagnosis.
