Value estimation versus effort mobilization: a general dissociation between ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e1176232024 - e1176232024

Published: March 21, 2024

Deciding on a course of action requires both an accurate estimation option values and the right amount effort invested in deliberation to reach sufficient confidence final choice. In previous study, we have provided evidence, across series judgment choice tasks, for dissociation between ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which would represent values, dorsomedial (dmPFC), duration deliberation. Here, first replicate this extend it case instrumental learning task, 24 human volunteers (13 women) choose options associated with probabilistic gains losses. According fMRI data recorded during decision-making, vmPFC activity reflects sum generated by reinforcement model dmPFC time. To further generalize role mobilizing effort, then analyze same participants while they prepare perform motor cognitive tasks (squeezing handgrip or making numerical comparisons) maximize minimize cases, is output regulation model, not response Taken together, these results strengthen general theory behavioral control that implicates energization relevant processes.

Language: Английский

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Wagers for work: Decomposing the costs of cognitive effort

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e1012060 - e1012060

Published: April 29, 2024

Some aspects of cognition are more taxing than others. Accordingly, many people will avoid cognitively demanding tasks in favor simpler alternatives. Which components these costly, and how much, remains unknown. Here, we use a novel task design which subjects request wages for completing cognitive computational modeling procedure that decomposes their into the costs driving them. Using working memory as test case, our approach revealed gating new information protecting against interference costly. Critically, other factors, like load, appeared less Other key factors may drive effort costs, such error avoidance, had minimal influence on wage requests. Our is sensitive to individual differences, could be used psychiatric populations understand true underlying nature apparent deficits.

Language: Английский

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Mental Fatigue in Sport—From Impaired Performance to Increased Injury Risk

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 1158 - 1166

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

The literature describing the effects of mental fatigue (MF) has grown tremendously. This is accompanied by identification a host performance-determining parameters affected MF. MF results from prolonged cognitive effort and predominantly affects physical, technical, tactical, perceptual-cognitive dimensions sport, while physiological (eg, heart rate, lactate) physical aspects maximal supramaximal efforts are unaffected. aim this paper was to provide an overview described in as influenced By identifying different parameters, we not only see how they affect performance athletes but also raise concerns about potentially increased injury risk due Preliminary evidence suggests that subsequent disturbances balance, motor skills, decision-making processes could increase vulnerability injury. An abundance lab-based studies looked into on performance; however, many questions remain mechanisms origin neurophysiological causes MF, small steps have been taken translate knowledge practice. Thus, there need for more research underlying role brain, well applied with high ecological validity takes account potential

Language: Английский

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Apathy and Motivation: Biological Basis and Drug Treatment

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(1), P. 313 - 338

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that common across broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no established therapies specifically for the condition, safe effective treatments urgently needed. Advances in understanding motivation goal-directed behavior humans animals have shed light on cognitive neurobiological mechanisms contributing to apathy, providing an important foundation development new treatments. Here, we review components, neural circuitry, pharmacology apathy motivation, highlighting converging evidence shared transdiagnostic mechanisms. Though pharmacological yet been licensed, summarize trials existing novel compounds date, identifying several promising candidates clinical use avenues future drug development.

Language: Английский

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Why does malaise/fatigue occur? Underlying mechanisms and potential relevance to treatments in rheumatoid arthritis

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 485 - 499

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Introduction Fatigue and malaise are commonly associated with a wide range of medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Evidence suggests that fatigue can be overwhelming for patients, yet these symptoms remain inadequately-managed, largely due to an incomplete elucidation the underlying causes.

Language: Английский

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Proximity to rewards modulates parameters of effortful control exertion.

Journal of Experimental Psychology General, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 153(5), P. 1257 - 1267

Published: March 7, 2024

The now-classic goal-gradient hypothesis posits that organisms increase effort expenditure as a function of their proximity to goal. Despite nearly century having passed since its original formulation, goal-gradient-like behavior in human cognitive performance remains poorly understood: Are we more willing engage costly processing when are near, versus far, from goal state? Moreover, the computational mechanisms underpinning these potential effects-for example, whether affects fidelity stimulus encoding, response caution, or other identifiable governing speed and accuracy-are unclear. Here, two experiments, examine effect proximity, operationalized progress toward completion rewarded task block, upon an attentionally demanding oddball task. Supporting hypothesis, found participants responded quickly, but not less accurately, rewards were proximal than they distal. Critically, this was only observed given information about proximity. Using hierarchical drift diffusion modeling, apparent effects best explained by collapsing bound model, which reduced caution increased processing. Taken together, results suggest gradients could help explain oft-observed fluctuations engagement cognitively effortful processing, extending scope domain tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Learning with noisy labels for robust fatigue detection

Knowledge-Based Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 300, P. 112199 - 112199

Published: July 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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General mechanisms of task engagement in the primate frontal cortex

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 5, 2024

Abstract Staying engaged is necessary to maintain goal-directed behaviors. Despite this, engagement exhibits continuous, intrinsic fluctuations. Even in experimental settings, animals, unlike most humans, repeatedly and spontaneously move between periods of complete task disengagement. We, therefore, looked at behavior male macaques ( macaca mulatta) four tasks while recording fMRI signals. We identified consistent autocorrelation This made it possible build models capturing task-independent engagement. general patterns neural activity linked impending sudden disengagement mid-cingulate gyrus. By contrast, centered perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) was associated with maintenance performance across tasks. Importantly, we carefully controlled for task-specific factors such as the reward history other motivational effects, response vigor, our analyses. Moreover, showed pgACC had a causal link engagement: transcranial ultrasound stimulation changed patterns.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming expectations: Electrophysiological effects of inhibitory control demands in a non-linguistic task on subsequent semantic relatedness judgements

Language Cognition and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

This event-related potentials study focussed on whether extensive practice of inhibitory control in a conflict task affects semantic processing/decisions subsequent language task. Participants took part two 40-min sessions the Simon with either low or high demands, each followed by relatedness judgement strongly related, weakly and unrelated word pairs. The N400 was unaffected demands preceding However, late frontal positivity for related pairs enhanced relative to other conditions only after task, indicating difference inhibition expected words between sessions. suggests that mechanisms underlying facilitation operate at decision stage these can be modulated non-linguistic

Language: Английский

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Increased attention towards progress information near a goal state

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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