The Monochoria genome provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying floral heteranthery

Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the Genetic Basis of Heterodichogamy inPterocaryaandCyclocaryaUsing a Low-Input Pan-Genomic Approach

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Abstract The heterodichogamous mating system, characterized by two distinct types (protogyny and protandry), is rare among flowering plants, but it present in nearly all species Juglandaceae (the walnut family). Recent studies have identified structural variations underlying heterodichogamy Juglans Carya . To verify the independent origins of this trait investigate whether also drive closely related genera, we explored its genetic basis Pterocarya Cyclocarya Using a pan-genome graph approach, variation region associated with across genus. This includes 30 kb tandem repeats dominant allele an insertion recessive allele, shared polymorphisms spanning 78 from 3′UTR S12e , covering FAF-like gene, to Gypsy transposable element. Downstream analyses suggest that specific expression gene small RNAs uniquely expressed regulate heterodichogamy. Further investigation nine candidate loci heterodichogamy, which are non-homologous regions those found These findings provide novel evidence for multiple originations convergent regulating highlight utility approaches deciphering variation-associated traits.

Language: Английский

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Genomic studies inLinumshed light on the evolution of the distyly supergene and the molecular basis of convergent floral evolution

Published: April 17, 2025

Summary Distyly, an example of convergent evolution, is governed by a supergene called the S- locus. Recent studies highlight similar genetic architectures independently evolved S -loci, but whether regulatory pathways underlie evolution distyly remains unclear. We examined supergenes and mechanisms underlying in Linum species that diverged ∼33 Mya. Using haplotype-resolved genomes population genomics, we identified characterized loci perenne (distylous) grandiflorum (style length dimorphic), compared them to tenue (distylous). then tested for conserved hormonal mechanism regulating style polymorphism . Hemizygosity short-styled individuals shared feature -locus supergene, though its size, gene content, repeat elements, extent recombination suppression vary greatly among species. Two candidate genes, TSS1 length) WDR-44 (anther height/pollen self-incompatibility) are at Consistent with brassinosteroid-dependent role , epibrassinolide treatment revealed conserved, morph-specific effect on length. locus architecture, key genes remain >30 Mya In combination findings from other systems, our results suggest brassinosteroid pathway frequently contributes polymorphism.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Causes and Genomic Consequences of Breakdown of Distyly in Linum trigynum

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Distyly is an iconic floral polymorphism governed by a supergene, which promotes efficient pollen transfer and outcrossing through reciprocal differences in the position of sexual organs flowers, often coupled with heteromorphic self-incompatibility. has evolved convergently multiple flowering plant lineages, but also broken down repeatedly, resulting homostylous, self-compatible populations elevated rates self-fertilization. Here, we aimed to study genetic causes genomic consequences shift homostyly Linum trigynum, closely related distylous tenue. Building on high-quality genome assembly, show that L. trigynum harbors region homologous dominant haplotype distyly supergene conferring long stamens short styles tenue, suggesting loss first occurred short-styled individual. In contrast homostylous Primula Fagopyrum, no fixed loss-of-function mutations coding sequences S-linked candidate genes. Instead, gene expression analyses controlled crosses suggest downregulating LtWDR-44 for male self-incompatibility and/or anther height could underlie self-compatibility trigynum. Population 224 whole-genome further demonstrate highly self-fertilizing, exhibits significantly lower diversity genome-wide, experiencing relaxed purifying selection less frequent positive nonsynonymous relative Our shed light advance our understanding common evolutionary transition plants.

Language: Английский

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The distribution of self-incompatibility systems in angiosperms: the relationship between mating system diversity, life span, growth habit and latitude in a changing global environment

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2024

There is ample theoretical and experimental evidence that angiosperms harbouring self-incompatibility (SI) systems are likely to respond global changes in unique ways relative taxa with other mating systems. In this paper, we present an updated database on the prevalence of SI across examine relationship between presence latitude, biomes, life-history traits management conditions evaluate potential vulnerability climate change habitat disturbance.

Language: Английский

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Fate of a supergene in the shift from diploidy to polyploidy

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

ABSTRACT Despite the evolutionary importance of supergenes, their properties in polyploids remain unexplored. Polyploid genomes are expected to undergo chromosomal rearrangements and gene losses over time, potentially affecting supergene architecture. The iconic distyly ( S -locus), controlling a floral heteromorphism with two self-incompatible morphs, has been well-documented diploids, but remains unknown polyploids. Primula , classic model for since Darwin, is ancestrally diploid distylous, yet polyploid, homostylous species single, self-compatible morph evolved repeatedly. intraspecific loss associated small loss-of-function mutations -locus CYP T style length female self-incompatibility. Over longer timescales, relaxed selection on should generate greater accumulation larger mutations, including exon loss. By analyzing first assembled genome an allotetraploid, grandis ) comparative framework, we discovered two, nearly identical alleles same subgenome, suggesting it originated via inter-specific hybridization between distylous progenitor. Conformant predictions from theory, macroevolutionary coincided considerable degeneration while other genes remained largely unaffected, shift homostyly preceded facilitated polyploid establishment. At whole-genome level, found minimal subgenome dominance — as expected, given inferred recent origin P. highly reduced genetic diversity, congruently its narrow distribution self-compatibility. This study provides comparison across ploidy levels reproductive systems, contributing new knowledge previously fate supergenes SIGNIFICANCE advances evolution by elucidating how (clusters tightly linked genes) evolve different sets chromosomes systems. newly broad provide outcrossers self-fertilizers. We one pair rather than per revealing cross self-incompatibility was considerably degenerated, because rest unaffected.

Language: Английский

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Converging on long and short: The genetics, molecular biology and evolution of heterostyly

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 102731 - 102731

Published: May 3, 2025

Heterostyly is a fascinating floral polymorphism that enhances outcrossing. In heterostylous species the flowers of two or three morphs differ in multiple traits, including reciprocal reproductive-organ placement and self-incompatibility. These traits are controlled by individual genes within an S-locus supergene, whose suppressed recombination ensures coordinated inheritance morph phenotypes. Recent breakthroughs about genetic molecular basis heterostyly have resulted from studies on many independently evolved instances include following: The hemizygous region comprising several taxa. systems, single gene plays dual roles regulating both female style length self-incompatibility type, often involving brassinosteroid signalling. S-loci through stepwise segmental duplication different lineages. frequent breakdown generally results mutations at leads to genomic selfing syndrome. discoveries suggest convergent genetically constrained evolution level.

Language: Английский

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Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of an allotetraploid pernicious weed, Echinochloa phyllopogon

DNA Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Echinochloa phyllopogon is an allotetraploid pernicious weed species found in rice fields worldwide that often exhibit resistance to multiple herbicides. An accurate genome sequence essential comprehensively understand the genetic basis underlying traits of this species. Here, telomere-to-telomere E. was presented. Eighteen chromosome sequences spanning 1.0 Gb were constructed using PacBio highly fidelity long technology. Of 18 chromosomes, 12 entirely assembled into and gap-free contigs, whereas remaining six at chromosomal level with only eight gaps. The assigned A B total lengths 453 520 Mb, respectively. Repetitive occupied 42.93% 48.47% genome, although 32,337, 30,889 high-confidence genes predicted genomes, This suggested extensions gene disruptions caused by repeated accumulation occur before polyploidization establish a tetraploid genome. comprehensive could be milestone understanding molecular mechanisms developing effective control strategies avoid yield loss production.

Language: Английский

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Greenbeards in plants?

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(3), P. 870 - 877

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Greenbeards are selfish genetic elements that make their bearers behave either altruistically towards individuals bearing similar greenbeard copies or harmfully different copies. They were first proposed by W. D. Hamilton over 50 yr ago, to illustrate kin selection may operate at the level of single genes. Examples greenbeards have now been reported in a wide range taxa, but they remain undocumented plants. In this paper, we discuss theoretical likelihood existence We then question why concept has never applied plants and speculate on how hypothetical could affect plant-plant interactions. Finally, point research directions improve our knowledge

Language: Английский

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The Primula edelbergii S‐locus is an example of a jumping supergene

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(6)

Published: June 30, 2024

Abstract Research on supergenes, non‐recombining genomic regions housing tightly linked genes that control complex phenotypes, has recently gained prominence in genomics. Heterostyly, a floral heteromorphism promoting outcrossing several angiosperm families, is controlled by the S ‐locus supergene. The been studied primarily closely related Primula species and, more recently, other groups independently evolved heterostyly. However, it remains unknown whether genetic architecture and composition of are maintained among share common origin heterostyly subsequently diverged across larger time scales. To address this research gap, we present chromosome‐scale genome assembly edelbergii , shares same with veris (whose characterized) but from 18 million years ago. Comparative analyses between these two allowed us to show, for first time, can ‘jump’ (i.e. translocate) chromosomes maintaining its function controlling Additionally, found four were conserved reshuffled within supergene, seemingly without affecting their expression, thus could not detect changes explaining lack self‐incompatibility P. . Furthermore, confirmed undergoing degeneration. Finally, investigated evolutionary history Ericales terms whole duplications transposable element accumulation. In summary, our work provides valuable resource comparative aimed at investigating genetics pivotal role supergenes shaping evolution phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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