Functional Neuroanatomy of the Normal and Pathological Basal Ganglia DOI Open Access
José L. Lanciego, José Á. Obeso

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. a041617 - a041617

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

The term "basal ganglia" refers to a group of interconnected subcortical nuclei engaged in motor planning and movement initiation, executive functions, behaviors, emotions. Dopamine released from the substantia nigra is underlying driving force keeping basal ganglia network under proper equilibrium and, indeed, reduction dopamine levels triggers dysfunction, setting groundwork for several disorders. canonical model has been instrumental most our current understanding normal pathological functioning this network. This explains how cortical information flows through back cortex by going two pathways with opposing effects that together lead execution given movement. paved way standard clinical management Parkinson's disease, where pharmacological neurosurgical treatments place collectively afford an impressive symptomatic alleviation. Although much remained, enriched new arrivals gathered evidence provided last three decades. Here, we sought provide comprehensive review network, emphasis on structure, connectivity patterns, basic operational principles, both conditions.

Language: Английский

The striatal matrix compartment is expanded in autism spectrum disorder DOI Creative Commons
Jeff L. Waugh, Ayman Hassan,

Adrian T. Funk

et al.

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the second-most common neurodevelopmental in childhood. This complex developmental manifests with restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and difficulties communication social awareness. The inherited acquired causes of ASD impact many diverse brain regions, challenging efforts to identify a shared neuroanatomical substrate for this range symptoms. striatum its connections are among most implicated sites abnormal structure and/or function ASD. Striatal projection neurons develop segregated tissue compartments, matrix striosome, that histochemically, pharmacologically, functionally distinct. Immunohistochemical assessment animal models autism described matrix:striosome volume ratios, an possible shift from striosome volume. Shifting ratio could result expansion matrix, reduction spatial redistribution or combination these changes. Each type ratio-shifting abnormality may predispose but yield different combinations features. Methods We developed cohort 426 children adults (213 matched ASD-control pairs) performed connectivity-based parcellation (diffusion tractography) striatum. identified voxels matrix-like striosome-like patterns structural connectivity. Results Matrix-like was increased ASD, no evident change organization compartment. inter-compartment difference (matrix minus striosome) within each individual 31% larger both caudate putamen, somatotopic zones throughout rostral-caudal extent Subjects moderate elevations ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) scores had volume, those highly elevated 3.7-fold increases Conclusions Matrix embedded distinct functional networks, suggesting compartment-selective injury maldevelopment mediate specific clinical Previously, assessing striatal compartments humans required post mortem tissue. provides means assess neuropsychiatric diseases compartment-specific abnormalities. While other mechanisms also increase chance developing social, sensory, motor phenotypes

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Reinforcement learning DOI
Kenji Doya

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Expanding the brain’s terrain for reward DOI
Sten Grillner

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6732), P. 362 - 363

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

A previously unknown region in the brainstem controls dopamine activity

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Newly characterized striatal circuits add twist to ‘go/no-go’ model of movement control DOI

Claudia López Lloreda

The Transmitter, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Basal ganglia: Uniting circuit logic between matrix and striosome DOI

Willa G. Kerkhoff,

William R. Stauffer

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(22), P. R1149 - R1152

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Normal and Pathological Basal Ganglia DOI Open Access
José L. Lanciego, José Á. Obeso

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. a041617 - a041617

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

The term "basal ganglia" refers to a group of interconnected subcortical nuclei engaged in motor planning and movement initiation, executive functions, behaviors, emotions. Dopamine released from the substantia nigra is underlying driving force keeping basal ganglia network under proper equilibrium and, indeed, reduction dopamine levels triggers dysfunction, setting groundwork for several disorders. canonical model has been instrumental most our current understanding normal pathological functioning this network. This explains how cortical information flows through back cortex by going two pathways with opposing effects that together lead execution given movement. paved way standard clinical management Parkinson's disease, where pharmacological neurosurgical treatments place collectively afford an impressive symptomatic alleviation. Although much remained, enriched new arrivals gathered evidence provided last three decades. Here, we sought provide comprehensive review network, emphasis on structure, connectivity patterns, basic operational principles, both conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0