Coral microbiome dynamics, functions and design in a changing world

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 557 - 567

Published: July 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 715 - 752

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Language: Английский

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Cell Biology of Coral Symbiosis: Foundational Study Can Inform Solutions to the Coral Reef Crisis

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 845 - 855

Published: May 24, 2019

Abstract Coral reefs are faced with almost complete destruction by the end of century due to global warming unless humanity can cap temperature rise. There is now a race develop diverse set solutions save coral reefs. In this perspective, case made for understanding cell biology coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis help inform development saving Laboratory model systems study symbiosis, including sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida, featured as valuable tools in fight corals. The roles host innate immunity and inter-partner nutrient dynamics onset, ongoing maintenance, dysregulation reviewed discussed. Key immune genes pathways, such glycan–lectin interactions, sphingosine rheostat, cytokine transforming growth factor beta shown modulate response symbiotic state. An upset homeostatic inorganic balance during heat stress high exogenous availability credited driving partnership toward bleaching. Specific examples given where knowledge informing solutions, studies showing clear limitations value partner switching acclimatization protocols. Finally, emphasis placed on rapid advancement try meet urgent need solutions. This includes real-time open communication colleagues successes failures, sharing resources information, working together spirit collective mission

Language: Английский

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Insights into coral bleaching under heat stress from analysis of gene expression in a sea anemone model system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(46), P. 28906 - 28917

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

Significance Coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots of great ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance. Their global decline under climate change other stresses makes it urgent to understand the molecular bases their responses stress, including “bleaching,” in which corals' photosynthetic algal symbionts lost, thus depriving host animals a crucial source energy metabolic building blocks. We sought clues mechanisms that cause (or protect against) bleaching by analyzing patterns gene expression sea anemone relative corals during exposure heat stress sufficient induce bleaching. The results challenge some current ideas about while also suggesting hypotheses identifying genes prime targets for future genetic analyses.

Language: Английский

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Dinoflagellate symbionts escape vomocytosis by host cell immune suppression

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 769 - 782

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Evolution of animal immunity in the light of beneficial symbioses

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1808), P. 20190601 - 20190601

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Immune system processes serve as the backbone of animal defences against pathogens and thus have evolved under strong selection coevolutionary dynamics. Most microorganisms that animals encounter, however, are not harmful, many actually beneficial. Selection should act on hosts to maintain these associations while preventing exploitation within-host resources. Here, we consider how several key aspects beneficial symbiotic may shape host immune evolution. When immunity is used regulate symbiont populations, there be evolve targeted responses recognize symbionts suppress but eliminate populations. Associating with protective could relax maintenance redundant host-derived responses. Alternatively, facilitate evolution if symbiont-conferred protection allows for persistence populations can then adapt. The trajectory will likely differ based type involved, transmission mode costs benefits function. Overall, expected influence symbiosis depends interacts symbionts, some interactions leading constraints others possibly maintenance. This article part theme issue 'The role microbiome in evolution'.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive tandem duplications and convergent evolution shape coral genomes

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: June 1, 2023

Over the last decade, several coral genomes have been sequenced allowing a better understanding of these symbiotic organisms threatened by climate change. Scleractinian corals are reef builders and central to ecosystems, providing habitat great diversity species.In frame Tara Pacific expedition, we assemble two genomes, Porites lobata Pocillopora cf. effusa, with vastly improved contiguity that allows us study functional organization genomes. We annotate their gene catalog report relatively higher number than found in other public genome sequences, 43,000 32,000 genes, respectively. This finding is explained high tandemly duplicated accounting for almost third predicted genes. show genes originate from multiple distinct duplication events throughout lineage. They contribute amplification families, mostly related immune system disease resistance, which suggest be functionally linked host resilience.At large, importance inform biology reef-building provide novel avenues understand screen differences stress resilience.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the different heat tolerance of the scleractinian coral Pavona decussata

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 429 - 442

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Limitations of Using Cultured Algae to Study Cnidarian‐Algal Symbioses and Suggestions for Future Studies

Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57(1), P. 30 - 38

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Much of our understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying cnidarian‐algal symbiosis comes from studying biological differences between partners when they are engaged in and isolated one another. When comparing hospite ex states Symbiodiniaceae, state is represented by algae sampled hosts, commonly cultured algae. The use this comparison may introduce nutrition as a confounding variable because, while hosts kept nutrient‐depleted conditions, culture media nutrient rich designed to facilitate algal growth. In perspective, we reexamine how be studies that compare biology Symbiodiniaceae culture. We also suggest several innovations experimental design strengthen two lifestyles, including adoption nutritional controls, alternatives for representation hospite, proteomic approaches find novel genes important symbiosis.

Language: Английский

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Role of the bicarbonate transporter SLC4γ in stony-coral skeleton formation and evolution

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(24)

Published: June 5, 2023

Coral reefs are highly diverse ecosystems of immense ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance built on the calcium-carbonate-based skeletons stony corals. The formation these is threatened by increasing ocean temperatures acidification, a deeper understanding molecular mechanisms involved may assist efforts to mitigate effects such anthropogenic stressors. In this study, we focused role predicted bicarbonate transporter SLC4γ, which was suggested in previous studies be product gene duplication have coral-skeleton formation. Our comparative-genomics study using 30 coral species 15 outgroups indicates that SLC4γ present throughout corals, but not their non-skeleton-forming relatives, apparently arose at onset stony-coral evolution. expression show , closely related ancestral SLC4β upregulated during development coincident with skeleton deposition. Moreover, juvenile polyps carrying CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations defective formation, severity defect individual animals correlated frequencies mutations. Taken together, results suggest evolution corals neofunctionalization newly arisen for unique provision concentrated calcium-carbonate also demonstrate feasibility reverse-genetic ecologically important traits adult

Language: Английский

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