Scaling of nuclear numbers and their spatial arrangement in skeletal muscle cell size regulation

Molecular Biology of the Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(8)

Published: June 20, 2023

Many cells display considerable functional plasticity and depend on the regulation of numerous organelles macromolecules for their maintenance. In large cells, also need to be carefully distributed supply cell with essential resources regulate intracellular activities. Having multiple copies largest eukaryotic organelle, nucleus, epitomizes importance scaling gene products cytoplasmic volumes in skeletal muscle fibers. Scaling constituents within mammalian fibers is, however, poorly understood, but according myonuclear domain hypothesis, a single nucleus supports finite amount cytoplasm is thus postulated act autonomously, causing nuclear number commensurate fiber volume. addition, orderly peripheral distribution myonuclei hallmark normal physiology, as mispositioning associated impaired function. Because underlying structures complex behaviors are commonly formalized by laws emphasize emerging principles size regulation, work presented herein offers more unified conceptual platform based from physics, chemistry, geometry, biology explore size-dependent correlations means scaling.

Language: Английский

---

Chemical transformation of the multibudding yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans

The Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 223(10)

Published: June 27, 2024

Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous polymorphic black yeast with industrial and agricultural applications. It has recently gained attention amongst cell biologists for its unconventional mode of proliferation in which multinucleate cells make multiple buds within single cycle. Here, we combine chemical transformation method genome-targeted homologous recombination to yield ∼60 transformants/μg DNA just 3 days. This protocol simple, inexpensive, requires no specialized equipment. We also describe vectors codon-optimized green red fluorescent proteins A. use these tools explore novel biology. Quantitative imaging strain expressing cytosolic nuclear markers showed that although the number varies considerably among similar volume, total volume scales over an impressive 70-fold size range. The protocols described here expand toolkit will help researchers address many other puzzles posed by this polyextremotolerant morphologically plastic organism.

Language: Английский

---

Spectraplakin Shot Maintains Perinuclear Microtubule Organization in Drosophila Polyploid Cells

Developmental Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(5), P. 731 - 747.e7

Published: April 18, 2019

Language: Английский

---

rAAV-related therapy fully rescues myonuclear and myofilament function in X-linked myotubular myopathy

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Abstract X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene. XLMTM fibres display population of nuclei mispositioned centre. In present study, we aimed to explore whether positioning and overall distribution affects cellular organization contractile function, thereby contributing weakness this disease. We also assessed gene therapy alters nuclear arrangement function. used tissue from human patients animal models, including dogs that had received increasing doses recombinant AAV8 vector restoring expression (rAAV8-cMTM1). then single isolated analyze addition expected mislocalization centre fibres, novel form mispositioning was observed: irregular spacing between those located at fibre periphery, an increased number nuclei, leading dramatically smaller inconsistent myonuclear domains. Nuclear associated with decreases global synthetic activity, protein content intrinsic myofilament force production. A deficit originating myofilaments, rather than mechanical interference centrally positioned supported experiments regenerated mouse muscle. Systemic administration rAAV8-cMTM1 higher 2.5 × 10 13 vg kg −1 allowed full rescue all these defects dogs. Altogether, findings identify previously unrecognized pathological mechanisms XLMTM, filament These can be reversed XLMTM.

Language: Английский

---

Organelle size scaling over embryonic development

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Abstract Cell division without growth results in progressive cell size reductions during early embryonic development. How do the sizes of intracellular structures and organelles scale with what are functional implications such scaling relationships? Model organisms, particular Caenorhabditis elegans worms, Drosophila melanogaster flies, Xenopus laevis frogs, Mus musculus mice, have provided insights into developmental nucleus, mitotic spindle, chromosomes. Nuclear is regulated by nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope proteins, cytoskeleton. Regulators microtubule dynamics chromatin compaction modulate spindle chromosome scaling, respectively. Developmental relationships for membrane‐bound organelles, like endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, been less studied, although new imaging approaches promise to rectify this deficiency. While models that invoke limiting components dynamic regulation assembly disassembly can account some embryos, it will be exciting investigate contribution newer concepts biology as phase separation interorganellar contacts. With a growing understanding underlying mechanisms organelle future studies uncover significance proper function development, well how aberrant contributes disease. This article categorized under: Establishment Spatial Temporal Patterns > Regulation Size, Proportion, Timing Early Embryonic Development Fertilization Gastrulation Comparative Evolution Systems

Language: Английский

---