After the Hurricane: Anti-COVID-19 Drugs Development, Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 739 - 739

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus in the

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Applications of Aptamers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 6742 - 6742

Published: June 19, 2024

Affinity reagents, or target-binding molecules, are quite versatile and major workhorses in molecular biology medicine. Antibodies the most famous frequently used type they have been for a wide range of applications, including laboratory techniques, diagnostics, therapeutics. However, antibodies not only available affinity reagents do significant drawbacks, laborious costly production. Aptamers one potential alternative that variety unique advantages. They single stranded DNA RNA molecules can be selected binding to many targets proteins, carbohydrates, small molecules-for which typically low affinity. There also cost-effective methods producing modifying nucleic acids vitro without cells, whereas require cells even whole animals. While there drawbacks using aptamers therapeutic vivo stability, had success clinical trials treating diseases two aptamer-based drugs gained FDA approval. Aptamer development is still ongoing, could lead additional applications aptamer therapeutics, antitoxins, combinatorial approaches with nanoparticles other acid therapeutics improve efficacy.

Language: Английский

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The 20th Anniversary of Pegaptanib (MacugenTM), the First Approved Aptamer Medicine: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Aptamers in Therapy

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 394 - 394

Published: March 20, 2025

In addition to classic small-molecule drugs and modern protein-based biologics, an intriguing class of medicines is the therapeutic oligonucleotides. Most approved in this category are antisense oligomers or those acting via RNA interference, both which use base hybridization. Aptamers, also known as chemical antibodies form a smaller, yet equally interesting group oligonucleotides that can recognize wide range molecular targets. Despite their high potential, only two aptamers have been date, pegaptanib (MacugenTM) avacincaptad pegol (IzervayTM), for treatment age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays important role pathogenesis many eye diseases, emerged first anti-VEGF agent was used various indications, further inspiring development other therapies. review, we summarize history aptamer medicine, pegaptanib. We describe its chemistry track from earliest stages preclinical phase, clinical trials, eventual regulatory approval. Additionally, evaluate position among agents provide comprehensive overview pegaptanib’s efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, comparing these aspects with monoclonal similar bevacizumab ranibizumab.

Language: Английский

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Improving synthesis and binding affinities of nucleic acid aptamers and their therapeutics and diagnostic applications

Biophysical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 309, P. 107218 - 107218

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Interplay of TLR4 and SARS-CoV-2: Unveiling the Complex Mechanisms of Inflammation and Severity in COVID-19 Infections

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 5077 - 5091

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract: The late 2019 emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causative agent COVID-19, caused profound and unprecedented disruption to global socio-economic structure, negatively affecting millions lives worldwide. A typical hallmark severe COVID-19 is hyper inflammation due aberrant cytokine release (cytokine storm) by innate immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2, through its spike (S) protein, can activate body's cells via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4. In silico demonstrated S protein binds with high affinity TLR4, triggering downstream signaling processes result in pro-inflammatory release. Compared other TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 plays a more significant role initiating sustaining inflammatory response associated COVID-19. Furthermore, interactions between virus target enhance cellular expression making susceptible viral subsequent inflammation. This increased upon entry creates feedback loop, where heightened levels lead amplified responses, contributing severity disease. Additionally, TLR4's potent activation pathways sets it apart from underscoring pivotal pathogenesis this review, we thoroughly explore multitude regulatory SARS-CoV-2 employs incite We specifically focus on critical impact compared highlighting how exacerbate By delving into mechanisms TLR4-mediated inflammation, aim shed light potential therapeutic targets could mitigate damage Understanding unique context infection pave way for novel treatment strategies inhibit receptor's activity, thereby reducing overall disease burden improving patient outcomes. Keywords: storm, toll-like receptor 4, hyperinflammation, ACE2 receptors, immunity

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Applications of Aptamers

Published: May 22, 2024

Affinity reagents, or target-binding molecules, are quite versatile and major workhorses in molecular biology medicine. Antibodies the most famous frequently used type they have been for a wide range of applications, including laboratory techniques, diagnostics, therapeutics. However, antibodies not only available affinity reagents do significant drawbacks, laborious costly production. Aptamers one potential alternative that variety unique advantages. They single stranded DNA RNA molecules can be selected binding to many targets proteins, carbohydrates, small – which typically low affinity. There also cost-effective methods producing modifying nucleic acids vitro without cells, whereas require cells even whole animals. While there drawbacks using aptamers therapeutic vivo stability, had success clinical trials treating diseases two aptamer-based drugs gained FDA approval. Aptamer development is still ongoing, could lead additional applications aptamer therapeutics, antitoxins, combinatorial approaches with nanoparticles other acid therapeutics improve efficacy.

Language: Английский

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An ultrasensitive and specific fluorescence split-aptasensor for VEGF165 detection based on nicking enzyme-assisted 3D DNA walker coupling with CRISPR-Cas12a

Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 325, P. 125056 - 125056

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in aptamers as promising nanotool for therapeutic and diagnostic applications

Analytical Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 115844 - 115844

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Harnessing MUC1 aptamer-targeted nanoparticles for precision medicine in breast cancer

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 678, P. 125721 - 125721

Published: May 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Biotinylated nanoparticles: A new frontier in nanomedicine and targeted cancer therapy

Biomaterials Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 214366 - 214366

Published: June 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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