The New Zealand drug harms ranking study: A multi-criteria decision analysis

Journal of Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 891 - 903

Published: June 23, 2023

Aims: The harms arising from psychoactive drug use are complex, and harm reduction strategies should be informed by a detailed understanding of the extent nature that harm. Drug is also context specific, so any comprehensive assessment relevant to characteristics population in question. This study aimed evaluate rank within Aotearoa New Zealand using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework, separately consider total population, among youth. Methods: Two facilitated workshops involved separate ranking for then youth aged 12–17, two expert panels. In workshop, 23 drugs were scored against 17 criteria, those criteria evaluated swing weighting process. Scoring subsequently updated during youth-specific workshop. All results recorded analysed specialised MCDA software. Results: When considering overall harm, modelling indicated alcohol, methamphetamine synthetic cannabinoids most harmful both youth, followed tobacco population. Alcohol remained when who it, others. Conclusions: provide context-specific insight into associated with Zealand. findings demonstrate value different countries, subgroups.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis legalization: a call for the integration of main health and crime indicator domains towards comprehensive policy impact assessments

Journal of Public Health Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ex-Ante Analysis of the Costs and Benefits of Legalizing Cannabis Markets in the Czech Republic

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 27

Published: March 27, 2025

Abstract Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. In countries with repressive policies, costs of its prohibition plausibly outweigh benefits. We conduct a cost–benefit analysis cannabis legalization and regulation in Czech Republic, taking into consideration alternative scenarios designed using parameters from known effects selected U.S. states, Canada, Uruguay. Our focuses on tax revenues, law enforcement costs, cost treatment harm reduction, value Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Under all projected scenarios, identified benefits legalizing for personal use exceed potential costs. The estimated net social benefit range 34.4 to 107.6 million EUR per year (or between 3.2 10.1 capita), depending size market development prices after legalization.

Language: Английский

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Getting “The whole picture”: A review of international research on the outcomes of regulated cannabis supply

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 104796 - 104796

Published: May 19, 2025

Several jurisdictions have pursued reforms that regulate cannabis production and/or sale for adult (non-medical) use. Looking at outcomes of such across multiple may help to identify are inherent non-criminal supply, as well provide insight into the specific regulation models. We identified nine indicators policy and aggregated them three domains (social outcomes, in use, health-related outcomes). assessed these five with different models regulating supply (Netherlands, Spain, U.S. states legalized cannabis, Uruguay, Canada). used a three-level systematic literature review, prioritising studies quasi-experimental design (i.e. comparative longitudinal). categorised according their type outcome (increase, decrease, or no outcome). Across long-standing recent regimes, our review common outcomes: decrease cannabis-related arrests, an increase (but not adolescent) healthcare utilization (not traffic-related). Negative were most consistently found legalised non-medicinal use (there limitations nuancing states). In remaining (the Netherlands, Canada, Uruguay), time-frame was limited, on certain lacking. Regulating be associated benefits social area potential harms regarding public health; there though trade-offs depending choice model. Jurisdictions attempt mix match present achieve best ratio harms. More research parameters influencing is needed.

Language: Английский

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Visions of Cannabis Control

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Abstract Visions of Cannabis Control documents the history cannabis policy and role racism, labelling, stigmatization. The book argues that these problems stem from failure to properly frame prohibition as result moral panics have been instigated, perpetuated, sustained in ways are difficult dislodge. Stan Cohen argued reforms designed replace carceral tendencies within correctional institutions often extend such approaches into our communities. idea criminal justice reproduce what they were intended disrupt is depressing provocative. It remains relevant revolution currently underway around world. Racial disparities arrests persist, exacerbated by laws make it legal possess but illegal consume anywhere your home. Too often, liberalization comes at cost expanding paternalistic public health models abstention-based diversion programs. Finally, goal dismantling disrupting illicit markets has undermined onerous regulations, anemic marketing efforts, promote consumer-centered approaches. Emphasizing goals ahead market conditions complicates an industry. To understand future policy, examines experience six countries several US states through lens criminological theory, recent research, practice. presents options guide responsible regulation extensive research practice, finally concluding sustaining reform will require ensuring those affected policies consulted, respected, included.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis Social Clubs in Contemporary Legalization Reforms: Talking Consumption Sites and Social Justice

Clinical Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 551 - 559

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders and their treatment in the Europe

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 15, 2024

Abstract This paper introduces the special issue on cannabis use in Europe. It describes data prevalence of Europe and more limited disorders, one most common forms drug problem treated many countries summarises what research has indicated about adverse effects acute chronic discusses potential health system responses that may reduce some these harms. These include public education risks use; screening brief interventions primary medical settings; specialist treatment for disorders. briefly indicates issues need to be addressed dealing with high rates comorbidity between other types mental

Language: Английский

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A fuzzy group decision-making framework for computer network security evaluation with probabilistic linguistic information

International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 355 - 365

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

The computer network security evaluation is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, the Exponential TODIM (ExpTODIM) method has been used to cope with MAGDM issues. probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are as tool for characterizing uncertain information during evaluation. In this manuscript, ExpTODIM (PL-ExpTODIM) built solve under PLTSs. end, numerical case study given validate proposed method. main contribution of paper constructed: (1) extended PLTSs; (2) defined (3)

Language: Английский

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A comparative study of the harms of nitrous oxide and poppers using the MCDA approach

Drug Science Policy and Law, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The recent surge in recreational (non-medical) use of nitrous oxide (N 2 O, also known as ‘laughing gas’) often by inhaling it from balloons, has attracted the attention some politicians with calls to control its possession under United Kingdom (UK) Misuse Drugs Act 1971 (currently selling, but not possession, for is controlled Psychoactive Substances 2016). Meanwhile, nitric monoxide (NO) delivered alkyl nitrites, ‘poppers’ raised concerns, unlike N was 2016 Act. To inform future-decision making processes and ensure that any such decisions are based on best evidence, Drug Science conducted a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) about O poppers compare overall harms these two drugs 20 previously evaluated published Nutt et al. group assessed harm scores original 16 criteria using associated 0 100 scales, each which had been assigned most harmful drug zero least harmful, though meant no harm. On scale, scored 6, just above magic mushrooms (psilocybin) while 5. Together three lowest scale. Although their similar, reasons behind ratings differ. Nitrous considered more than Dependence, Environmental Damage, Related Relative Impairment Mental Functioning, Family Adversities, Injury, Economic Cost, Mortality. When assessing risk different substances may hold when policy decisions, important acknowledge relative contribution diverse within domains.

Language: Английский

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ExpTODIM-driven framework for 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic MAGDM with applications to teaching quality evaluation in higher education

International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 15 - 30

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Since the new century, main theme of my country’s higher education is to improve quality teaching. To this end, administrative department and vast number colleges universities have done a lot work. Looking back, teaching construction involving thousands across country has attracted much attention from all walks life. The government as organizer promotes active participation in form evaluation under leadership authority “quality engineering” project with resources reputation, which played huge role improving universities. classical multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issue. Recently, Exponential TODIM (ExpTODIM) method been used cope MAGDM issues. 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (2TLNSs) are tool for characterizing uncertain information during education. In paper, ExpTODIM (2TLNN-ExpTODIM) built solve 2TLNSs. numerical case study given validate proposed method. contribution paper constructed: (1) extended PLTSs; (2) 2TLNSs; (3) Finally,

Language: Английский

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