Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Marine energy is a nascent technology that extracts from waves, currents, tides, and thermal gradient differentials (ocean thermal, pressure, salinity)-resources are abundantly available in the United States: "In States, total marine resource equivalent to nearly 60% of U.S. power generation.Even if only small percentage technical potential captured, technologies would make significant contributions nation's needs" (WPTO 2019).The could help meet variety needs, both near term by "producing fresh water through desalination or servicing demands for aquaculture ocean sensing," long supplementing on grid 2022a).Early research development efforts, primarily funded WPTO, focused proving functionality devices, identifying opportunities economic improvement, generating performance data 2019).Because its nascency though, professionals sector must navigate risks challenges related in-water testing regulatory authorizations, operation maintenance difficulties ocean, others cause associated delays private capital interest technology.Some these can be overcome with lessons learned developers 1 other areas while unique require new approaches.This paper focuses barriers, gaps, solutions commercializing an evaluation public reports peerreviewed literature government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, sector, along gathered stakeholder industry feedback historical investment programmatic actions taken WPTO progress energy. The "marine developers" includes engineering firms, national laboratories, institutions, businesses, service providers supporting working any prior organization types.This used throughout report refer comprehensive list this industry.vi This at no cost National Renewable Energy Laboratory www.nrel.gov/publications.marketable use technology.Any following considerations clearly define energy's value proposition measure toward commercialization:• A quantifiable improvement resilience, reliability, and/or quality supply • reduction levelized produced number, breadth, jobs provided ability serve specific end use, either as electricity some sustain company growth after funding has concluded capital, transfer, mechanism.

Language: Английский