Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
623, P. 111592 - 111592
Published: April 26, 2023
The
Cambrian
‘Explosion’,
located
by
many
authors
between
540
and
520
million
years
ago
(Ma),
is
considered
to
be
an
abrupt
appearance
in
the
fossil
record
of
most
animal
phyla,
with
a
sudden
increase
complex
morphologies
across
metazoan
groups.
In
few
recent
papers,
Great
Ordovician
Biodiversification
‘Event’
(GOBE)
has
similarly
been
restricted
single
dramatic
biodiversification
‘event’
Darriwilian
Stage
Middle
Series,
470
455
Ma,
although
historically
as
aggregation
radiation
‘events’
capturing
large
taxonomic
diversity
marine
invertebrates
covering
entire
Ordovician.
A
review
biodiversity
curves
organisms
during
early
Palaeozoic,
including
some
based
on
data
Paleobiology
Database
(PBDB)
Geobiodiversity
(GBDB),
points
towards
single,
large-scale,
long-term
Palaeozoic
life
that
already
started
late
Precambrian.
An
‘explosion’
or
significant
are
not
visible
our
studies,
because
they
either
regional,
only
reflect
group
organisms.
It
evident
datasets
remain
incomplete,
particular
those
for
geographical
areas
several
groups,
covered
PBDB
GBDB;
also,
such
so
far
poorly
entirely
unstudied.
Some
recently
published
have
care,
truly
global
estimates
elusive.
Here,
we
argue
richness,
which
show
distinct
periods
diversification,
cannot
sufficiently
disentangled
from
biases.
We
therefore
question
existence
‘Explosion’
datasets.
Both
terms,
‘Event
should
used
conceptional
terms
only.
first
represents
almost
all
phyla
Precambrian
Cambrian,
whereas
second
term
embraces
numerous
radiations
occurred
National Science Review,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Sept. 8, 2023
Theory
regarding
the
causation
of
mass
extinctions
is
in
need
systematization,
which
focus
this
contribution.
Every
extinction
has
both
an
ultimate
cause,
i.e.
trigger
that
leads
to
various
climato-environmental
changes,
and
one
or
more
proximate
cause(s),
specific
changes
result
elevated
biotic
mortality.
With
regard
causes,
strong
cases
can
be
made
bolide
(i.e.
meteor)
impacts,
large
igneous
province
(LIP)
eruptions
bioevolutionary
events
have
each
triggered
Phanerozoic
Big
Five
extinctions,
tectono-oceanic
some
second-order
events.
Apart
from
other
astronomical
triggers
(e.g.
solar
flares,
gamma
bursts
supernova
explosions)
remain
entirely
realm
speculation.
mechanisms,
most
are
related
either
carbon-release
carbon-burial
processes,
former
being
associated
with
climatic
warming,
ocean
acidification,
reduced
marine
productivity
lower
carbonate
δ13C
values,
latter
cooling,
increased
higher
values.
Environmental
parameters
such
as
redox
conditions
terrestrial
weathering
intensity
do
not
show
consistent
relationships
carbon-cycle
changes.
In
context,
usefully
classified
using
a
matrix
factors.
Among
end-Cretaceous
biocrisis
example
bolide-triggered
event,
end-Permian
end-Triassic
biocrises
examples
LIP-triggered
events,
Late
Ordovician
Devonian
bioevolution-triggered
Whereas
bolide-impact
LIP-eruption
mechanisms
appear
invariably
cause
carbon
release,
variable
e.g.
burial
during
release
modern
anthropogenic
climate
little
no
impact
due
certain
types
ecosystem
change
advent
first
predators
around
end-Ediacaran;
appearance
Paleolithic
human
hunters
Australasia
Americas).
Broadly
speaking,
studies
suffered
insufficiently
critical
thinking-an
impartial
survey
extant
evidence
shows
(i)
hypotheses
common
impacts
LIP
eruptions)
for
all
suspect
given
manifest
differences
patterns
environmental
among
them;
(ii)
were
long-term
inconsistent
mechanism;
(iii)
claims
periodicity
depended
critically
on
now-disproven
idea
they
shared
extrinsic
impacts).
Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
386(6728)
Published: Dec. 19, 2024
The
global
diversity
of
Proterozoic
eukaryote
fossils
is
poorly
quantified
despite
its
fundamental
importance
to
the
understanding
macroevolutionary
patterns
and
dynamics
on
early
Earth.
Here
we
report
a
new
construction
fossil
from
Paleoproterozoic
Cambrian
based
comprehensive
data
compilation
quantitative
analyses.
resulting
taxonomic
richness
curve
verifies
Cryogenian
glaciations
as
major
divide
that
separates
“Boring
Billion”
Ediacaran
periods,
with
former
characterized
by
prolonged
stasis,
latter
greater
diversity,
more-rapid
turnover,
multiple
radiations
extinctions.
These
contrasting
evolutionary
provide
framework
test
competing
hypotheses
biosphere
geosphere
coevolution
in
Eon.
