Gut fermentation syndrome as an alibi for a driver tested positive for alcohol: a case-based discussion DOI Creative Commons
Ewa Toruńska, Piotr Engelgardt, Maciej Krzyżanowski

et al.

Problems of Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 179 - 191

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

The intestinal fermentation syndrome (IFS) also known as the auto-brewery (ABS), is an extremely rare diagnosis. This involves endogenous production of alcohol by microorganisms in digestive system after consuming a high-carbohydrate meal. article describes case 65-year-old driver who was found to have 0.24 mg/l during sobriety test, which, according Polish law, defined state and considered misdemeanour. He explained his condition occurrence syndrome. After thorough analysis documentation submitted, it concluded that there no basis for assuming ethyl exhaled air resulted from accused’s health condition, medications taken him or meals consumed, presence discussed disease excluded. specificity encourages use diagnosis alibi detected body. Hence, such cases, important carefully conduct diagnostics, including differential diagnosis, microbiological tests and, above all, provocation test with glucose simultaneous monitoring level During possibility additional intake should be excluded avoid false results misdiagnosis.

Language: Английский

Endogenous Ethanol Production in the Human Alimentary Tract: A Literature Review DOI Creative Commons
Renee Stamation

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

ABSTRACT Endogenous ethanol production, or auto‐brewery syndrome (ABS), is a rare condition of the human alimentary canal that results in intoxication without alcohol consumption. Despite its clinical significance, ABS remains largely undiagnosed because lack awareness among clinicians. Published cases have reported extensive biopsychosocial comorbidities accompanying delayed diagnosis and incomplete management; these include social rejection family separation, court‐ordered rehabilitation psychiatric admission, legal employment ramifications, deteriorating mental health suicidality. In this mini review, we aim to educate enlighten clinicians by discussing literature findings pertaining pathophysiological mechanisms gut dysbiosis due overgrowth Saccharomyces cerevisiae , E. coli Klebsiella impaired intestinal barrier function, dysregulation hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Furthermore, discuss recently discovered associations with sleep quality mood disorders explore medical sequelae metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease steatohepatitis. Drawing on data, propose protocols for initial care emergency room, subsequent critical care, diagnostic testing glucose challenge testing, definitive microbiological during acute phase illness. We also present an empirical treatment outline while awaiting confirmation causative organisms sensitivities.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease DOI
Abraham S. Meijnikman, Max Nieuwdorp, Bernd Schnabl

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 556 - 571

Published: June 3, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Excess fermentation and lactic acidosis as detrimental functions of the gut microbes in treatment-naive TB patients DOI Creative Commons
Milyausha M. Yunusbaeva, Liliya Borodina,

Darya Terentyeva

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Introduction The link between gut microbiota and host immunity motivated numerous studies of the microbiome in tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, these did not explore metabolic capacity community, which is a key axis impact on host’s immunity. Methods We used deep sequencing fecal samples from 23 treatment-naive TB patients 48 healthy donors to reconstruct microbiome’s strain/species-level content. Results show that systematic depletion commensal flora large intestine, Bacteroidetes , an increase Actinobacteria, Firmicutes Proteobacteria such as Streptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospiraceae Enterobacteriaceae explains strong taxonomic divergence community cumulative expansion diverse disease-associated pathobionts reached 1/4 total microbiota, suggesting heavy toll along with MTB infection. Reconstruction pathways showed microbial shifted toward rapid growth using glycolysis excess fermentation produce acetate lactate. Higher glucose availability intestine likely drives lactate growth, causing acidosis endotoxemia. Discussion Excessive lactic characterize patients’ disturbed microbiomes. Since strongly suppresses normal flora, directly interferes macrophage function, linked mortality patients, our findings highlight novel research focus. If confirmed, may be potential host-directed treatment target augment traditional treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Role of Gut Microbial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Primary Liver Cancers DOI Open Access

Maria Pallozzi,

Valeria De Gaetano,

Natalia Di Tommaso

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2372 - 2372

Published: July 22, 2024

Hepatobiliary malignancies, which include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are the sixth most common cancers third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatic carcinogenesis is highly stimulated by chronic inflammation, defined as fibrosis deposition, an aberrant imbalance between liver necrosis nodular regeneration. In this context, gut-liver axis gut microbiota have demonstrated a critical role in pathogenesis HCC, dysbiosis altered intestinal permeability promote bacterial translocation, to inflammation tumorigenesis through several pathways. A few data exist on or bacteria resident biliary tract CCA, some microbial metabolites, such choline bile acids, seem show association. review, we analyze impact its metabolites HCC CCA development biomarker hepatobiliary cancer risk response during anti-tumor therapy. We also discuss future application management.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Auto-brewery syndrome in a 50-year-old woman DOI Creative Commons
Rahel T Zewude,

Kenneth Croitoru,

Ronit Das

et al.

Canadian Medical Association Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 196(21), P. E724 - E727

Published: June 2, 2024

KEY POINTS A 50-year-old woman was referred to a gastroenterology clinic after 7 presentations over the previous 2 years emergency departments (EDs) with alcohol intoxication despite her report of no consumption. Over preceding 5 years, she had recurrent urinary tract infections (

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Recent updates on the role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, HCC, and beyond DOI Creative Commons
Naoko Ohtani, Tomonori Kamiya, Norifumi Kawada

et al.

Hepatology Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(9)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

The gut and the liver are anatomically physiologically connected, this connection is called “gut-liver axis,” which exerts various influences on physiology pathology. microbiota has been recognized to trigger innate immunity modulate immune microenvironment. Gut physiological processes in host, such as metabolism, by acting signaling receptors transcription factors through their metabolites related molecules. also increasingly efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. In review, we discuss recent updates microbiota-associated mechanisms pathogenesis chronic diseases NAFLD NASH, well cancer, light gut-liver axis. We particularly focus microbial components that associated with these diseases. role modulating response immunotherapy

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Beyond Auto-Brewery: Why Dysbiosis and the Legalome Matter to Forensic and Legal Psychology DOI Creative Commons

Alan Logan,

Susan L. Prescott, Erica M. LaFata

et al.

Laws, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 46 - 46

Published: July 11, 2024

International studies have linked the consumption of ultra-processed foods with a variety non-communicable diseases. Included in this growing body research is evidence linking to mental disorders, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Although idea that dietary patterns various nutrients or additives can influence brain behavior has long history criminology, absence plausible mechanisms convincing intervention trials, topic was mostly excluded from mainstream discourse. The emergence across nutritional neuroscience psychology/psychiatry, combined mechanistic bench science, human provided support epidemiological findings, legitimacy concept criminology. Among emergent research, microbiome sciences illuminated pathways socioeconomic environmental factors, including foods, aggression Here review, we examine burgeoning related food addiction, explore its relevance criminal justice spectrum—from prevention intervention—and courtroom considerations diminished capacity. We use auto-brewery syndrome as an example intersecting diet gut science been used refute mens rea charges. legalome—microbiome omics applied forensic legal psychology—appears set emerge important consideration matters law, justice.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
High-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae aggravates lung injury by affecting neutrophils and the airway epithelium DOI Creative Commons

Jinghua Cui,

Ziying Xu, Zihui Yu

et al.

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101886 - 101886

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

We have previously reported that high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the gut can cause endo-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we discover 91.2% of Kpn isolates from pulmonary disease samples also produce excess ethanol, which may be associated with respiratory severity. To further explore potential mechanism, a murine model is established high-dose bacteria. stimulates granular neutrophils (G0), subsequently transforming them into phagocytic (G1). HiAlc causes dysfunction pyrimidine metabolism, leading to neutrophil apoptosis. These changes inhibit phagocytosis and possibly suppress inflammasome-dependent innate immunity. In persistent infective model, induces lung fibrosis production reactive oxygen species (ROS), affecting epithelial cell apoptosis function. The results suggest subtype biomarker for severity injury caused by Kpn.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Fructose catabolism and its metabolic effects: Exploring host–microbiota interactions and the impact of ethnicity DOI Creative Commons
Florine H. M. Westerbeke, Melany Ríos-Morales, Ilias Attaye

et al.

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Important health disparities are observed in the prevalence of obesity and associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes (T2D) metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among ethnic groups. Yet, underlying factors accounting for these remain poorly understood. Fructose has been widely proposed as a potential mediator NCDs, given that hepatic fructose catabolism can result deleterious effects, insulin resistance steatosis. Moreover, fermentation by gut microbiota produce metabolites such ethanol acetate, both which serve substrates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) could therefore contribute to development conditions. Significant inter-ethnic differences composition have observed. consumption varies across groups, intake demonstrated significantly alter composition, influence its fermenting properties effects. Therefore, may be influenced variations consumption, disparities. This review provides an overview complex interactions between host microbial catabolism, role ethnicity shaping processes their impact on health. Understanding provide insights into mechanisms driving improve personalized nutrition strategies. KEY POINTS: Dietary increased substantially over recent decades, with rising (NCDs) disease. Pronounced different groups NCD dietary underscore need elucidate Together well-known toxic effects emerging evidence highlights small intestinal sugars like various bacterial products There significant that, combined varying mediate To comprehensively understand mediating fructose-induced adverse future research should focus microbiota. Future - account habits mentioned

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Endogenous Alcohol and Auto-Brewery Syndrome Complicating Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review DOI Creative Commons
Jack C. Drda, Jill P. Smith

Livers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: March 13, 2025

Introduction: We describe the first reported case of auto-brewery syndrome complicating liver transplantation, wherein a patient was temporarily removed from transplant list not due to ethanol consumption but rather spontaneous ethanolic fermentation within gastrointestinal tract. Auto-brewery (ABS) is rare metabolic condition where microbiota dysbiosis leads microbial under anaerobic, high carbohydrate conditions. Because no alcohol directly consumed by patient, this often referred as “endogenous”. Methods: present awaiting orthotopic transplantation significantly elevated blood levels. However, an upper endoscopy revealed Candida esophagitis, and diagnosis ABS made. Results: With antifungal fluconazole treatment, patient’s biomarkers decreased, underwent successful transplantation. Discerning between exogenous endogenous production with remains significant challenge for clinicians, knowledge could have serious implications life-saving transplant. Conclusions: This highlights importance listening carefully assessing potential recipients who consistently deny consumption, specifically gut ABS.

Language: Английский

Citations

0