Cavitation in blunt impact traumatic brain injury DOI Creative Commons
John D. Finan,

Thea E. Vogt,

Yasaman Samei

et al.

Experiments in Fluids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(8)

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a major public health challenge. No proven therapies for the condition exist so protective equipment that prevents or mitigates these injuries plays critical role in minimizing societal burden of this condition. Our ability to optimize depends on our capacity relate mechanics head impact events morbidity and mortality. This capacity, turn, correctly identifying mechanisms injury. For several decades, controversial theory TBI biomechanics has attributed important classes cavitation inside cranial vault during blunt impact. explains counter-intuitive clinical observations, including coup–contre-coup pattern However, it is also difficult validate experimentally living subjects. Also, broad term covers range different events, some which may be better described by than others. review surveys what been learned about through mathematical modeling, physical experimentation with tissues places context competing theories recent research activity field an attempt understand offer next generation innovators biomechanics.

Language: Английский

Brain volume change following anti-amyloid β immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: amyloid-removal-related pseudo-atrophy DOI
Christopher R S Belder, Delphine Boche, James A. R. Nicoll

et al.

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 1025 - 1034

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán‐García, Anthony Fourier

et al.

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 101011 - 101011

Published: July 25, 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis (ICI-encephalitis) is not well characterised and diagnostic prognostic biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to comprehensively characterise ICI-encephalitis identify outcome predictors.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Central nervous system adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors DOI
Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán‐García, Alberto Vogrig

et al.

Current Opinion in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 345 - 352

Published: March 14, 2024

Purpose of review Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may trigger immune-related adverse events which rarely affect the central nervous system (CNS-irAEs). Over past few years, cumulative data have led to characterization well defined syndromes with distinct cancer and antibody associations as different outcomes. Recent findings The most frequent CNS-irAE is encephalitis, includes three main groups: meningoencephalitis, a nonfocal syndrome usually responsive corticosteroids; limbic associated high-risk paraneoplastic neurological (PNS) antibodies (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ma2) neuroendocrine cancers, characterized by poor treatment response outcomes; cerebellar ataxia, variable outcomes (worse when PNS are detected). Additionally, diffuse encephalopathy without inflammatory findings, corticosteroids high mortality has been described. spectrum CNS-irAEs also meningitis, myelitis, rarer presentations. A subset (i.e. encephalitis and/or rapidly progressive ataxia) undistinguishable from ICI-naïve PNS. Summary clinical diversity suggests pathogenic mechanisms, need be understood establish more effective specific modalities. It crucial identify biomarkers able predict patients will experience severe CNS-irAEs, anticipate their diagnosis, long-term

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Soluble biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis: A mini-review DOI Creative Commons
Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán‐García, Bastien Joubert

et al.

Revue Neurologique, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 180(9), P. 982 - 988

Published: Sept. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Increased serum NfL and GFAP levels indicate different subtypes of neurologic immune‐related adverse events during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors DOI Creative Commons
Cynthia L. Schmitt, K. Müller, Steffen Tiedt

et al.

International Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Neurologic immune‐related adverse events (nirAEs) represent rare, yet severe side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Given the absence of established diagnostic biomarkers for nirAEs, we aimed to evaluate utility serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Fifty‐three patients were included at three comprehensive cancer centers, these 20 manifest nirAEs 11 irHypophysitis. Controls without any irAE ( n = 8) other irAEs 14). Using a single‐molecule enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Simoa), levels measured prior to, during after manifestation (n)irAEs in 80 samples. Symptom severity was graded according Common Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Serum NfL significantly higher nirAE group 20) compared irHypophysitis 11; p .0025) controls 22; .0384). Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant elevation peripheral nerves (PNirAE) contrast neuromuscular syndromes (NMirAE) .0260). GFAP highest affecting central nervous system (CNSirAE) PNirAE NMirAE .0064). increased .0069, .0092). Individuals elevated exhibited less favorable outcomes .0199). Measurement may be helpful differentiation broad spectrum serve as an indicator symptom severity. Further investigation is needed their potential prognostic biomarkers.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The role of potential oxidative biomarkers in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and the exploration antioxidants as possible preventive and treatment options DOI Creative Commons

Jiayong Yao,

Xiaohong Dai,

Xueping Yv

et al.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a non traumatic that occurs in certain part of the brain. It usually leads to brain cell damage. According large number experimental research, oxidative stress an important pathophysiological processes cerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we aim determine how changes biomarkers indicate damage degree hemorrhage, and explore summarize potential treatments or interventions. We found patients with are characterized by increased levels markers, such as total malondialdehyde (MDA), F2 isoprostaglandin, hydroxynonenal, myeloperoxidase protein hydroxyl. Therefore, caused ICH on these markers can be used evaluate diagnose ICH, predict its prognosis, guide preventive treatment turn antioxidant based new alternative.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Prediction, prevention, and precision treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor neurological toxicity using autoantibodies, cytokines, and microbiota DOI Creative Commons
Alberto Vogrig,

Marta Dentoni,

Irene Florean

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 13, 2025

Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized oncology, significantly improving survival across multiple cancer types. ICIs, such as anti-PD-1 (e.g. nivolumab, pembrolizumab), anti-PD-L1 atezolizumab, avelumab), and anti-CTLA-4 ipilimumab), enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses but can also trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurological irAEs (n-irAEs), affecting 1-3% of patients, predominantly involve the peripheral nervous system; less commonly, n-irAEs present central system disorders. Although suggest a possible correlation treatment efficacy, their mechanisms remain unclear, hypotheses ranging from antigen mimicry to cytokine dysregulation microbiome alterations. Identifying patients at risk for predicting outcome through biomarkers would be highly desirable. For example, high-risk onconeural antibodies (such anti-Hu or Ma2), elevated neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels often respond poorly irAE treatment. However, interpreting neuronal antibody tests in diagnosis requires caution: positive results must align clinical context, some (e.g., SCLC) may have asymptomatic low levels, false are common without tissue-based confirmation. Also, use IL-6) lead more targeted treatments irAEs, minimizing effects compromising efficacy ICIs. This review provides comprehensive overview latest findings on associated focus prediction, prevention, well precision using autoantibodies, cytokines, microbiota. The most interesting data concern antibodies, which we explore pathogenic roles neurotoxicity. Most available both regarding role diagnostic prognostic supporting therapeutic decisions toxicities, refer non-neurological toxicities. our review, mention potential CXCL10 CXCL13 describe current evidence, need further studies, cytokines guiding selection second-line therapies n-irAEs. Finally, no specific microbiome-related microbial signature been proven linked specifically, leading future research topic.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SERPINA3 predicts long-term neurological outcomes and mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage DOI Creative Commons
Pei Zheng, Zhihui Qi, Bin Gao

et al.

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 29, 2025

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke subtype with high mortality and disability rates, long-term outcomes among survivors remain unpredictable due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study, spatial transcriptomics was used analyze molecular profiles in autopsy brain tissues from chronic ICH patients, revealing distinct transcriptomic features thalamus cortex, common inflammatory characteristics such as gliosis, apoptosis, immune activation. Serine proteinase inhibitor NA3 (SERPINA3) significantly upregulated both regions co-expressed astrocytes thalamus. Pathological studies postmortem human mouse models confirmed elevated SERPINA3 expression, murine Serpina3n showing similar pattern mice. Plasma analysis 250 patients healthy controls revealed higher levels correlating severity, National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Glasgow Coma (GCS) scores, functional outcomes. Higher within 72 hours onset were independently associated worse recovery (mRS ≥ 3) increased all-cause at 6 12 months. Additionally, 7 days post-ictus correlated white matter hyperintensities poor cognitive performance These findings highlight potential prognostic biomarker for ICH, warranting further investigation into its role neurological dysfunction validation larger prospective cohorts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evaluation of tumorous LCP1 and ADPGK as predictive biomarker for immune-related adverse events in bone and soft tissue sarcomas treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Qing Zhang, Zhe Wang,

Xueqin Zeng

et al.

BMC Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation DOI

Ali Moadab,

Hossein Khorramdelazad, Mohammad Taha Akbari Javar

et al.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0