Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 15 - 15
Published: March 25, 2025
In recent decades, substantial evidence has highlighted the integral roles of neuroglia, particularly astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, in regulation synaptic transmission, metabolic support, immune mechanisms within central nervous system. addition to their structural role, these cells actively modulate neurotransmitter homeostasis influence neuronal plasticity, thereby affecting cognition, mood, behavior. This review discusses how neuroglial alterations contribute pathophysiology five common psychiatric disorders: major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia. We synthesized preclinical clinical findings illustrating that glial dysfunction, including impaired myelination aberrant neuroinflammatory responses, often parallels disease onset severity. Moreover, we outline disruptions astrocytic glutamate uptake, microglia-mediated pruning, blood–brain barrier integrity may underlie neurobiological heterogeneity observed disorders. The therapeutic implications range from anti-inflammatory agents investigational compounds aim stabilize function or promote remyelination. However, challenges due interindividual variability, insufficient biomarkers, multifactorial nature illnesses remain. Advances neuroimaging, liquid biopsy, more precise molecular techniques facilitate targeted interventions by stratifying patient subgroups with distinct phenotypes. Continued research is essential translate insights into clinically efficacious safe treatments.
Language: Английский